Digestive system 3

kshus; jsIhh tall fldgi lshjSfuka wk;=rej wod, m%Yak j,g ms

iuyr jsIhh tall fldgia  msanimescience.webatu.com fj;ska ,nd  .ekSug W;aidy lrkak  

Tnf.a msbiologyans.blogspot.com  fj; msjsfikak'                                                                                 

fuh Tng iajhx we.hsula jkafkah' ms

ksrka;rfhka isoq lrk iajhx we.hSu jsNd. j,g id¾:l f,i uqyqK oSug w;aje,la jkq we;'

4   13 (- ffcj f,dalfha fmdaIK ls%hdj,sj, jsjsO;ajh 

1  w;HjYH fmdaIl ksjeros wkqmd;hkaf.ka hq;a wydrhla ljr kulska ye|skafjhs o2

2 tys w;HjYH ix>gl fudkjd o@

3 i;aj w;audj ldfndayhsvsf¾g m%Njhla f,i y|qkajkafka wehs@

4 foayh ;=, ixiaf,aIKh fkdjk weuhsfkda wus, ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@ tajd lShla mj;s o@

5 ,hsiSka yd ysiagsvSka foayh ;=, ixiaf,aYkh l, yels o@

6 c,fha o%djH jsguska j¾.j, kus ,shkak

7 ly meye;s t

8 w|qf¾ oS fmkSu i|yd odhl jk jssguskh ,shkak

9 YS;do frda.fha ,laIK fudkjd o@

10 iusnkaOl mgl j, fld,ecka ;ka;= ksIamdokhg odhl jkafka l=ula o@

11 o;a yd wia:s j¾Okhg wjYH jk fmdaI o%jH fudkjdo@

12 wia:s j, Yla;su;a nj wvqjSu ksid wia:s weojSu isoqfjhs tu frda.h ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

13 reOsr legs.eisug wjYH lrk fmdaf;%dusnska j, lD;Hh ,shkak

14  fmdaf;%dusnska wvqfjka iEoSu ljr m%;sM,hla we;s lrhs o@

15 fmdaf;%dusnska wvqfjka iEoSu i|yd  n,mdk jsguskh ,shkak

16 r;= reOsrdKq ns| jegSug fya;=jkafka  jsguskhl W!k;djhs tu jsguskh ,shkak tys m%;sM,h  l=ula jsh yels o@

17 rla; ySk;djhg n,mdk fjk;a jsgusk i|yka lrkak

18 mrsjD;a;Sh ls%hdj,s fjs.h flfrys n,mdk j¾. i|yka lrkak

9 r;= reOsrdKq iEoSug odhl jkafka ljr jsguskho@

20 le,aisfmfrd,a  f,i kuslrk jsguskh ,shkak tu jsguskh W!k;dj ljr frda.hlg fya;= fjhs  o@ 

20 wdjYHl uQ, o%jH jeo.;a jkafka wehs

21 idudkH fi!LH ;;ajhla mj;ajd .ekSug Lksc ,jK wjYH fjhs ta i|yd  nyq,j wjYH jk Lksc uQ, o%jH ,shkak  tajd y|qkajk ku ,shkak

23 wxY= ud;% f,i wjYH jkafka l=uk tajd o@ tajd y|qkajk ku ,shkak

24 Ydl j, nyq,j wjYH jk Lksc uQ, o%jH ,shkak

25 Ydl ;=, mj;sk whka uq, o%jH ljr ixfhda. ;=, olakg ,efns o@

26 tkaihsu ils%h ldrl jkafka l=ula o@ tu ldKavh y|qkajk ku ,shkak

27 kshqla,sla wus, iEoSug odhl jk wxY=ud;% uQ, o%jH ,shkak

28 kshqla,sla wus, iEoSug odhl jk wOs=ud;% uQ, o%jH ,shkak

29 laf,dfrdms,a  wKqj, ix>gl f,i ls%hd lrkafka ljr uQ, o%jH o@ ix>glhla fkdjk tfy;a laf,dfrdms,a ixiaf,aIKhg wjYH uQ,o%jH jkafka l=ula o@

30 fujeks uQ, o%jH W!k jQ jsg y|qkd .kafka flfia o@ thg fya;=j l=ula o@

31 tjeks uQ, o%jH y|qkajk ku ,shkak tjeks fjk;a uQm o%jH lsysmhl kus ,shkak

32 wp, uQ, o%jHhla ,shkak

33 Ydl ;=,g  S we;=¿ lr .kafka ljrla f,ig o@

34mfika Wrd .kakd khsg%cka uQ, o%jH ljr f,ig we;=¿ lrhs o@

35 khsg%cka uQ, o%jH  we;=,;a lD;Huh ixfhda. lsysmhl kus ,shkak

36 Ydl j, my; W!k;d frda. we;sjkafka ljr uQ, o%jH W!k jSfuka o@

yrs;laIh     

fklafrdaish  

ue,jsu 

r;=$ous j¾Kh we;sjsu 

37    K uQ, o%jH  lD;Huh jYfhka jeo.;a jk wjia:d ,shkak

38 khsg%cka ;sr lsrsug  wjYH lrk uQ, ojHhla  ,shkak

39 cSjSka ;=, wvx.= Tlaiscka j, m%Njh l=ula o@

40 WodyrKhla f,i tjeks Ndjs;hka fmkajd fokak

41 fmdiamria uQ, o%jH  we;=,;a lD;Huh ixfhda. lsysmhl kus ,shkak

Muscular Tissue

fmaYs mglh

1 ixprKh hkq l=ula o@

2 cSjshl=g ixprKh wjYH jkafka wehs@

p,kh kus jQ ls%hdj,sh jsjsO ugsgus j, isoq fjhs

ffi,Sh $wjhj $ cSjshd

3 tla tla wjia:dj i|yd WodyrK fokak

ffi,Sh  ---

wjhj  ---

cSjshd  ---

4 .e,fmk fuh  pd,l jHqy ,shkak

iqoq reOsrdKq j, weuSndldr p,k ---

wdydr ud¾.h ;=, mj;sk l%udl=xpk h  ---

mlaIs m¾hgkh  ---

meruSishus f.a p,kh ----

5 fuh  yereKq fldg fhdod .kakd pd,l jHqy ,shkak WodyrK fokak

6 fuys i|yka lr we;s p,k iajNdjhka l=ulg wh;a fjhs o@

ixfldapk yd bys,a jSus  ----

yn,l wdldrhg 180⁰ l pdmhl isoq lrk p,k  ---

mdofha isg w.%h olajd we;slrk rsoausl  ;rx. wdldr p,k  ----

;r,uh wka;( ma,diaufha .,d hdu ksid nysIa ma,diaufha  oevs fkreus we;s jSu ---

6 fmaYs mglfha wdldr 3 ,shkak

7 tla tla yevhg .e,fmk fmaYs ffi, j¾.h f;darkak

;¾l=rEmS yevh   

is,skavrdldr yevh  ---

Ydlkh jq flgs is,skavrdldr  ---

8 oS we;s ,laIKhg .e,fmk fmaYs ffi, j¾.h f;darkak

ffi, uOHfha msysgk kHIagshla iys;  ---

ffi, m¾hka;fha  msysgk kHIagshla  lsysmhla iys;---

9 fmaYs ks¾udKh jS we;s fm%dagSk foj¾.h fudkjd o@

10 tajd w;r mj;sk fjki ,shkak

11 tajd fmaYshla ;=, ieliS we;af;a flfia o@

12 Z f¾Ldj we;af;a ljr msysgSul o@

13 ufhdaiSka  iQ;%sldj  uOHfha  mssysgk f¾Ldj ,shkak

14 ufhdaiska ;ka;= muKla iys; jQ m%foaYh ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

15 isyska welagSska ;ka;= muKla iys; jQ m%foaYh ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

16 A mgsh f,i y|qkajkafka ljr l,dmh o@

17 A mgsh uOHfha msysgk ;rula w|qre mgsh  y|qkajkafka ljr kulska o@ tys we;af;a l=ula o@

18 jvd;a ,d jeyefhka osiajk l,dmh l=ula o@

19 Z f¾Ld folla w;r m%foaYh ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

20 fmaYs ixfldapkhloS isoqjkafka l=ula o@

21 fuu isoaOdka;h y|qkajk  ku ,shkak

22 ixfldapkh jSfus oS os. fjkia fkdfjkafka ljr mgsfhys o@

23 os. wvq jkafka ljr mgs j, o@

24 ixfldapkh jSfus oS jehjkafka l=ula o@

25 ATP  iusnkaO jk ysi la $YS¾I we;af;a ljr iQ;s%ldjg o@ 26 nkaOk m%foaYhla iys; jkafka ljrl o@

26 ixfldapkfha oS isoqjkafka l=ula o@

27 le,aishus whk imhkafka l==ulska o@

28 ixfldapk fhaoS thg l=ula isoqfjhs o@

29 bka miqj isoq jkafka  l=ula o@

30 ixfldapk ye;shdj wkqj fmaYs kus lrkak

fjs.j;a m%n, ixfldapk ---

fiuska isoqjk jevs ld,hla mj;sk ixfldapk ---

rsoauhdkql+, m%n, ixfldapk ---

31 jsvdjg m;ajk wdldrh wkqj fmaYshla y|qkd .kafka flfia o@

myiqfjka jsvdjg m;a jSu --

fiuska jsvdjg m;a jSu ----

myiqfjka jsvdjg m;a fkdjSu  ---

32 fmaYs ixfldapkhg iakdhq wdfjs.hla wjYHh   oS we;s iakdhq iemhqug wod, fmaYs j¾.h ,shkak

uOH iakdhq moaO;sfhka      ----

iajhx idOl iakdhq moaO;sfhka   ---

33 idfldf,udj yd idfldma,diauh we;;a  idfldushr ke;af;a ljrlg o@

34 ffi, folla w;r ;o meye;s wka;ria:dms; uv,la mj;skafka l=ul o@

35 wkspsPdkq. ls%hdldrs;ajhla fkdue;af;a ljrl o@

36 fmaYshl mj;sk ,dlaIksl .=Kdx. .,mkak

js;kH ;dj $m%;Hia:;dj $WoaoSmH;dj $ixfldapH;dj

weoSug fyda ixfldapkhg we;s yelshdj---

 weoSug fyda ixfldapkhg ,la jsfuka miq j uq,a ;;ajhg m;a jSfus yelshdj---

W;af;ac ,nd .eksu yd m%;spdr olajSfus  yelshdj---

ixfldapkh jSfus yelshdj  ---

37;yvq jYfhka mj;skafka ljr fmaYs o@

lxld, fmaYs fl|s;as rdYshla tla jSfuka fmaYs ;ka;=jla  iEfohs 

38 tjeks fmaYs ;ka;= usgshla jgjS we;af;a l=ulska o@

39 fmaYs ;ka;= usgs lsysmhla jgjS we;af;a ljr iusnkaOl mglfhka o@ tys ku ,shkak

40 tjeks tall lsysmhla jgjS we;af;a ljrlska o@

Blood Tissue

ksshus; jsIhh tall fldgi lshjSfuka wk;=rej wod, m%Yak j,g ms

Tnf.a msbiologyans.blogspot.com  fj; msjsfikak'

fuh Tng iajhx we.hsula jkafkah'

ksrka;rfhka isoq lrk iajhx we.hSu jsNd. j,g id¾:l f,i uqyqK oSug w;aje,la jkq we;'

reOsr  mglh                           

1 ljr m%ia;rfhka iusNjh fjhso@

2 wfkla mgl j,g jvd mQrlfha mj;sk jHqyuh fjki ,shkak

3 wfkla mgl j,g jvd mQrlfha mj;sk lD;Huh fjki ,shkak

4 wfkla mgl j,g jvd mQrlfha mj;sk jHqyuh iudk;djla  ,shkak

5 reOsrfha msoqre meyehla .kakd fldgi ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

6 tys ffi, j¾. lShla mj;S o@ ta fudkjd o@

7 msrsushl=f.a >k us,s usgrhl mj;sk  reOsr ffi, ixLHdj wkqj frda.hl iajNdjh ks¾kh l< yelsh oS we;s m%;sY;hg wh;a ffi, j¾.h i|yka lrkak

r;= reOsrdKq $iqoq reOsrdKq $kshqfg%dms, $ bhqisfkdms, $ fnsfidms,$jid ffi,$ fudfkd ffig$ mgsgsld

              5.4 ×10 ^{6           ----} 

              4000-   11000  ---

               150,000-   400,000  ----

>k us,s usgrhl mj;sk  iqoq reOsrdKq ixLHdj m%;sY; wkqj f;darkak

                3000-   6000     50-70%  --

                150-300          1-4%      --- 

                 0-100              0-4%      ---  

                 1500-4000     20-40%  ---

                 300-600             2-8%  ---

8 kHIags rys; f,i yuq jkafka ljrla o@

9 tajd ksmofjk ia:dk ,shkak

10 reOsrfha   PH w.h 7.4 ls th ksh;j ;nd .eksug odhl jk ffi, j¾.h ,shkak tu yelshdj mj;skafka ljrla ksid o@ th iEoS we;af;a flfia o@

11 ta ksid ,enS we;s fjk;a yelshdjla ,shkak

12 tu lD;Hh bgq lrk fjk;a ixfhda. csjSka ;=, mj;s o@ tajd fudkjd o@ tys mj;sk whk j¾.h olajkak  tu Yajik j¾Kl iys; cSjSkag WodyrK fokak

13 jsIalusNh wvq flaYkd,sld ;=,ska .uka lsrSug yelshdj we;af;a ljrlg o@

14 weuSndldr p,k olajkafka ljrla o@

15 r;=reOsrdKq j, wdhqI ld,h lSho@ th ns|Sfuka miq M, j,g w;ajk brKu l=ula o@

16 kHIagsfha iajNdjh wkqj jsjsO ffi, flfia y|qkd.; yels o@

Lkavsld 3-5 iys; kHIagshla mej;Su  --

isyska mgshla u.ska iusnkaO Lkavsld 2la iys; kHIagshla mej;Su  --

wiusmQ¾Kj fnoqKq Lkavsld iys; kHIagshla mej;Su  --

jDlal yev kHIags mej;Su --

f.da,dldr kHIagsfhka msreKq ffi, --

kHIags rys;  ---

17 oS we;s lD;Hhka i|yd .e,fmk ffi, f;darkak $kshqfg%dms, $ bhqisfkdms, $ fnsfidms,$jid ffi,$ fudfkd ffig$ mgsgsld

wd.ka;=l wxY= y|qkd .ekSu  -----

NlaI ffi,l;dj oelajSu     ----- 

uereKq ffi, jskdY lsrSu     ------ 

wid;ausl m%;sls%hd i|yd ueosy;a jSu ----

laIqo% cSjSka jskdY lsrSu   ------

m%;s foay  - m%;sfoay ckl ixlS¾K ns| oeuSu   ----

m%;s ysiageuSka ksmojSu -----

m%;sfoay ksmojSu    -----

le,aishus whk ixpdhlhla f,i ls%hd lsrSu ----

18 jid ffi, mrsk;sh isoqjkafka ljr ia:dk j, o@

19 noaO l< wjhjhla m%;slafIam jkafka l=uk fya;=jla ksid o@

20 l=vdu ffi, j¾.h l=ula o@

21 lKslduh ffi, ma,diauhla wh;a jkafka ljr ffi, j,g o@

22 reOsr jdyskshla ;=jd, jQ jssg reOsr .e,Su je,elajSu i|yd ffi, wdila; jSu isoqfjh

ai |yd ueosy;a jk ffi, j¾.h ,shkak

23 ma,diaudj ;=, wvx.= ma,diau fm%dagsk fudkjd o@ tajd ksmojk ia:dkh ,shkak

24 wdi%e;s jsOdkh md,kh lrkafka ljrla u.skao@

25 .af,dnshq,ska j, lD;Hh fokak

26 reOsr ma,diaudfjs we;s wls%h tkaihsuhl ku ,shkak

27 th ils%h jSug wjYH jkafka ljr tkaihsuh o@

28 tjsg isoqjk mrsj¾;kh ,shkak ta i|yd wjYH jk ;j;a ix>glhla ,shkak

29 reOsr legsh ;=, we;s ;ka;= iEfokafka l=ula u.sska o@ ta i|yd mej;sh hq;= tkaihsuh ,shkak

30 ffmns%ka iEoSug wjYH fm%dagSkh l=ula o@

31 tla mqoa.,hl=f.a reOsrh ;j;a mqoa.,hl=g we;=¿ lsrSu .eg¿ldrS jk wjia:d mj;S

tu .eg¿j l=ula o@

32 th udrdka;sl jkafka wehs@

33 fuu ls%hdj, hi|yd fya;= jkafka r;= reOsrdKq j, ma,diau mg,fha we;s fm%dagSkhls

th l=ula o@

34 fkd.e,fmk $wd.ka;=l   fm%dagskhla reOsrh l=,g we;=¿jSu ksid we;sjsh ye;s m%;sM,h ,shkak

35 tys m%;sM,h l=ula o@

36 reOsr ma,diaudfjs we;s tjeks fm%dagskhla ,shkak

reOsrh Yaf,aIKh jSfus oS odhl r;= reOsrdKqj u; we;s m%;sfoay cklh u; m%;s.%dyl reOsr ma,diaudfjs we;s m%;sfoay ls%hd;aul fjhs

m%;sfoay cklh  we.a,qgsfkdcka A   we.a,qgsfkdcka B  f,i wdldr 2la we;

37 tus wkqj reOsr .K wdldr 4la y|qkd f.k we; ta fudkjdo@

m%;sfoay o wdldr 2la mj;s  we.a,qgskSka b we.a,qgskSka a

38 tla tla reOsr >k ;=, we;s m%;sfoay fudkjd o@

reOsr .K                 m%;sfoayh

A                                 

B                                   

 AB                              -

 O                          

39 rOsr .K A  wvx.= odhlfhla  B   m%;s.%dylfhl=g ,nd oqkafka kus l=ula isoqfjhs o@

40 reOsr .K AB  wvx.= odhlfhla  B   m%;s.%dylfhl=g ,nd oqkafka kus l=ula isoqfjhs o@

41 reOsr .K B  wvx.= odhlfhla AB  m%;s.%dylfhl=g ,nd oqkafka kus l=ula isoqfjhs o@

42 TskEu wfhl=g reOsrh odhl l< yelafla ldg o@ ta l=ula ksid o@

42 TskEu wfhl=g reOsrh m%;s.%yKh l< yelafla ldg o@ ta l=ula ksid o@

43 reOsrh Tiafia ldnka vfhdlaihsvs jevs m%udkhla mrsjykh jkafka ljr wdldrhg o@

44 reOsrh Tiafia ldnka vfhdlaihsvs wvq m%udkhla mrsjykh jkafka ljr wdldrhg o@

45   ldfndksla wus,h  nhsldnfkag njg m;a jkafka ljr tkaihsu we;s jsgo@ m%;sls%hdu ,shkak

46 iEfok  H⁺  whk ksid  isoqjk fjk;a ls%hdjla i|yka lrkak iEfok M,h l=ula o@

47 whkh msg;g .uka lsrSfuoS ta fjkqjg yqjudre jk fjk;a whkhla i|yka lrkak

48 Tlaiscka mrsjykh jk wKqfjs iq;%h ,shkak

49   .¾; flaYkd,sld ;=,oS r;= reOssrdKq ;=,g fmdusm lrkafka fudkjd o@whk iu;=,s;;dj mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd bj;g .uka lrkafka l=ula o@

50 .¾; flaYkd,sld ;=,oS jsfhdackh jk ixfhda. fudkjd o@ ta i|yd wjYH jkafka ljrla o@

a51 nhsldnfkag j,g w;ajk  brKu l=ulao@

52 iEfok ldfndksla wus,h mrsjykh jkafka l=ula yryd o@

Bone and Cartilage

 

lxld, mglh

1 fuu mglh u.ska bgqlrk lD;Hhka ,shkak

tla tla lD;Hh bgq lsrSug yelshdj ,enS we;af;a tys mj;sk jsfYaI .=Kdx. ksidh

iqoqiq .=Kdx. .,mkak

1 wd;;s n,j,g yd iusmSvk j,g m%;sfrdaOS jSu --

2 fydafudak W;af;ackfhka ls%hd;aul jk ffi, mej;su ---

4 fmaYs ijsjSug Wps; oevs nj ---  5 fmaYs u.ska fufyhjk ,Sjr iels,s ;snSu----

6 weg usoq,q j, jsNdcl ffi, mej;Su  ---

7 kshu iusnkaOl mglhg idfmalaIj mQrlfha mj;sk fjki ,shkak

kshu iusnkaOl mglh   -----

lxld, mglh              -----

8 ldgsf,ac j, mQrlfha wka;¾.; jkafka fudkjd o@

9 th i%djh lrk ffi, fudkjdo@

10 .¾;sld ;=, we;=,;a jkafka fudkjd o@

11 ldgsf,acdjrKh msysgSu ,shkak tys wvx.= mglh l=ula o@

12 kshu iusnkaOl mglhg  idfmalaIj  fuys mj;sk lD;Huh fjkila ,shkak

13 kshu iusnkaOl mglhg  idfmalaIj  fuys mj;sk jHqyuh iudklula ,shkak

14 mQrlfha iqoq ;ka;= iys; ldgsf,achla y|qkajkak

15 tajd msysgk ia:dkhka ,shkak

16 ldgsf,achlg m%;Hia: nj ,enS we;af;a l=ula ksid o@ tys ku l=ulao@ msysgk ia:dk ,shkak

17 mQrlfha iqoq ;ka;= nyq,j we;s  ldgsf,achla y|qkajkak

18 tajd msysgk ia:dkhka ,shkak

19 wia:s j, mQrlfha wka;¾.; jkafka fudkjd o@

20 th i%djh lrk ffi, fudkjdo@

21 tajd  we;=,;a jkafka l=ula ;=,o@ tys mj;sk ffi, .Kk lSh o@

22 wia:HdjrKh msysgSu ,shkak tys wvx.= mglh l=ula o@

23 wkajSlaIfhka  fmfkk yrialvl tal flakaoS%h j,hka ;=, mj;skafka l=ula o@  tla tallhla ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

24 fuu ffi,j, mj;sk jHqyuh fjkialula ,shkak

25 reOsr flaYkd,sld ljr ia:dkhlaq fj; ,Õd fjhs o@

26 yejiSh kd,h ;=, wka;¾.; jkafka l=ulao@

27 mQrlfha ;ka;= mej;Su ksrSlaIKh l< yelafla flfiao@

28 fuu ffi,j, mj;sk lD;Huh fjkialus wkqj ffi, j¾. 3la y|qkd.; yelsh

tajd fudkjd o@

29 ijsjr wia:shl ,laIKhla ,shkak tys jeo.;alu l=ula o@

30 wfkla wia:s j¾.h ,shkak tys iajNdjh l=ula o@ tys jeo.;au l=ula o@

31 jsNdcl ffi, wvx.= jkafka ljr ia:dkhl o@

32 wia:sffjj¾h  frda.S ;;ajh we;sjkafka wehs tys ,laIK ,shkak

33 tysoS ls%hd;aul jk ffi, j¾.h l=ula o@

34 wia:s m¾jodyh ksid isoqjkafka l=ula o@