Plant Growth 1

j¾Okh yd jslikh  1

                                                                        

1 w¾;dm,a wdlkaohl wxl=r j¾Okh jsu'

11 Ydl l|l  w.%ia: j¾Okh

111 Ydl uq,l  w.%ia: j¾Okh

1v m;%hl isoqjk j¾Okh

v wdf,dalh foig Ydl l|l  w.%ia:fha isoqjk j¾Okh

by;ska oS we;s isoqjSus w;rska f;dard ,shkak

1 cSjshl=f.a  mrsudj jevsjk wjia:d fudkjd o@

3  osf.ys jevsjsula fmkajkafka l=uk wjia:djloS o@

4 ksYaps; j¾Okhla $ mrsus; j¾Okhla fmkajk Ydl fudkjd o@

5 wmrsus; j¾Okhla fmkajk Ydl j,g WodyrK fokak

6 ld,h  iu. mrsudfjs jevsjsu m%ia;dr.; l< jsg ,efnk yevh ,shkak

7 ld,h  iu. ld,h  iu. j¾Ok fjs.h  m%ia;dr.; l< jsg ,efnk yevh ,shkak

8 j¾Okh ia:dk.;jS  we;s m%foaY fudkjd o@%

9 m%d:usl jsNdclhla f,i ie,lsh yelafla ljrla o@

10 oajs;Shl jsNdclhla f,i e,lsh yelafla ljrla o@

11 wdf,dalh foig Ydl l|l  w.%ia: j¾Okh ksid we;sjk jl%;dj ms

13 jl%;djla we;sjkafka jHqyuh jYfhka we;sjk ljr fjkila ksid o@

14 fuhg wu;r f,i ,nd oqka fjk;a idOlhla i|yka lrkak

15 ljr ;;aj imhd fok ,o w.% jl%;djla fmkajhso@

16 f,day wdjrKhla Ndjs; lsrsfus wruqK ,shkak ,enqKq ksrslaIKh l=ula o@

17 w.%ia:h is|Su ksid we;sjQ fjki l=ula o@ thska ;yjqre jkafka l=ula o@

18 w.%ia:h b;srsj ;snshoS wfkla fldgia l,q meye;s mia j,ska wdjrKh lsrsfus wruqK ,shkak

Water movement in plant cells

ffi,hl c, jsNjh

1  Ydl ffi,hl ffi, ma,diaufha wka;¾.;h ,shkak

2 Ydl ffi,hl c,fha o%djH M, we;af;a fld;ek o@jevs wjldYhla mqrd me;srS we;af;a ljr bkaos%ldjla o@

 

3 wkajSlaIfhka  iEu Ydl ffi,hl rsla;lh ksrslaIKh l< yelso@ tjekas ffi,hl rsla;lfha wka;¾.; jsh hq;af;a fudkjdo@

4ffi,hl m%d:usl  ns;a;sh ljr .=Kdx. fmkajhs o@

5 ffi,h ;=, c, jsyjh wvq jSug fya;=jk isoaOska fudkjd o@

6 wdi%e; c,hg fujeks ffi,hla  fhoQ jsg c, jsNj fjkig wkqj  idfmalaIj c, wKq p,kh jsu l=uk osYdjlg isoq jsh yels o@

7 wdka;r mdr.uH mg,hla yryd isoqlrk fuu ls%hdj,sh y|qkajk ku ,shkak

 8 ffi,hl we;s tjeks wdka;r mdr.uH mg, fudkjd o@ tys ,laIK ,shkak

9  lfvd,dk mrsirhl we;s c,hg  fujeks ffi,hla oeuQ jsg wdi%e;sh ksid c,h we;=¿ ljr osYdjlg o@

10 tjeks mrsirhl jefvk Ydl j,g c,h we;=¿ jkafka l=ula yryd o@

11 wjfYdaIKh lrk c, m%udKh ;SrKh jkafka l=ula u; o@

12 uQ, flaY ffi, ;=,  c, jsNjh yd mdxY= c,fha c, jsNjh  w;r mj;sk c, jsNj fjki jevsjk jsg l=ula isoqfjhs o@

13 lfvd,dk mrsirhl we;s Ydl fus i|yd ljr wkqj¾;k fmkajhs o@

c, jsNj fjki jevs lr f.k we;

14  rsla;lh ;=,g c,h we;=¿ jk jsg ffi,fha uq,skau we;sjk fjkia jSu l=ula o@

15  hqI rsla;lfha o%djH jsNjhg l=ula  isoq fjhs o@

16 ffi,fha mrsudj jevsjk jsg ffi, ns;a;sh u; iam¾Y jkafka l=ula o@

17  tysoS ffi, ns;a;sh u; ma,diau mg,fhka we;slrk msvkh y|qkajk ku l=ula o@

18  tjsg ffi, ns;a;sfhka we;s lrk m%;Hia:  n,mEu l=ula o@ tu msvkh y|qkajk ku l=ula o@

19 ffi, ns;a;sfhka we;s lrk msvkh   s ksid c, jsNjhg l=ula isoq fjhs o@

20 msvkh fya;=fldg f.k c, jsNjfha we;sjk fjkia jSu y|qkajk ku ,shkak

21  fus wkqj ffi,hla ;=,g c,h we;=¿jSfus yelshdj ψ_cell  w.h ljr jsNj w.hhka u; r|d mj;S o@

          

22  hus wjia:djloS ffi,h ;=,g c,h we;=¿jsu wekysgshs tu wjia:dfjs mj;sk ffi,h y|qkajk ku ,shkak tysoS   ,efnk w.h lSho@

23  ψ_P  yd ψ_s w;r iusnkaO;dj l=ula o@

24  c, jsNjh jevs o%djKhlg Y+k ffi,hla fhoQ jsg c, .uk ljr osYdjlg isoq fjhs o@ tu ld¾hdj,sh y|qkajk ku l=ula o@

25  rsla;lfhka bj;g c,h we;=¿ jk jsg ffi,fha we;sjk fjkia jSu l=ula o@

26  ffi, ns;a;sfhka  ma,diau mg,h wE;ajSu wdrusN lrk wjia:dj ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

27 tu wjia:dfjs   w.h 0 jkafka l=ul o@  

       

28 tysoS  ffi,fha c, jsNjh iudk jkafka l=ulg o@

          

o%djKhl fu!,sl;dj okakd jsg j.=jla u.ska tys c, jsNjh fidhd .; yelsh’

29 hqI rsla;lfha c, jsNjhg iudk c, jsNjhla iys; o%djKhlg ffi,hla fhoQ jsg c, mrsudj fjkia fjhs o

30 tjeks o%djK y|qkajk ku ,shkak

31 fuu w.hg jvd iq¿ fyda idkao%K jevs lsrSula o%djKfha we;s l< jsg l=ula  isoqfjhs o@

32 iuyr ffi,j, fuu wjia:dj m%dfhda.slj ksrSlaIKh l< yelsh ta l=ula ksid o@  WodyrK fokak

33 fujeks mglhla iSks o%djKhlg oud wkajSlaIhlska mrSlaId l< fyd;a l=ula ksrslaIKh lsrSug yels fjhs o@

34 thg fya;=j ,shkak

35 frdaysfhda  wmsp¾u ffi,hl c,jsNjh fijSfus oS u;=jk m%dfhda.sl  .eg¿j l=ula o@

tla ffi,hl c,jsNjh fijSug wiSre fjhs tu ksid mglfha udOHkH c,jsNjh fijsu isoq lrhs

mglfha udOHkH c,jsNj w.h f,i ,nd .kafka l=ula o@

36  jsY=k;d m%;sY; w.h 50la jk mglh  wh;a o%djKfha fu!,sl;djh fidhd  j.=jla wOdrfhka  tu o%djKfha c, jsNjh fidhd  .eksu

37 jsjsO fu!,sl;d we;s iqlafrdaia o%djK idod bka wk;=rej isoq l< hq;af;a l=ula o@

38 jskdvs 20 ld,hla iu;=,s; jSug ;enSfuka miq l=ula l< hq;= o@

39 jsY+k;d m%;sY;h fidhd .ekSfuka wk;=rej  50% la jsY+k ;d m%;sY;h fidhd .kafka flfia o@

40 .y, Colocasia fyda ynr,  Alocasia jDka;hla isria w;g  jsIalusNh $iuus;sl wlaIh Tiafia m,d ,efnk 4cm fldgila jd;hg ksrdjrKh lr ;nkak

ljr fjkia jsula Tng ksrslaIKh l< yels o@

41 W;a;, mdIaGfha ljr mglhla mj;s o@ wj;, mdIaGfha ljr mglhla mj;s o@

jl%;djhg fya;=j ,shkak

42 wmsp¾u ffi,j, g idfmalaIj ndysl ffi,j, mrsudj jevsjsu $os. jevsjSu

ffi,j, mrsudj jevsjsu g ljr isoqjSula fya;= fjhs o@

43 fuu c, .ukh ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

44 l=uk m%foaYfha ffi,j, c,jsNjh wvq fjhs o@ thg fya;=j ,shkak

45 c,h jdIamjSfus is>%;dj jevs ksid c,h jdIamjSfus is>%;dj wvq wehs@

46 fujeks  ynr, ms;s fldgil jl%;dj fjkia fjhs o hkak fidhd .eksug m%:ufhka l< hq;af;a l=ula o@

47 fojkqj fidhd .; hq;af;a l=ula o@

48 jl% mDIaGfha uOH ,laIh fidhd .ekSfuka wk;=rej Tn l+ula l< hq;+ fjhs o@

49 lsishus o%djKhl c, jsNjh   ffi,fha c,jsNjhg iudk fjhs kus Tn l=ula wfmalaId lrkafka o@

50 fujeks mrslaIKhloS o%djKh f,i l=ula Ndjs; l< yels o@

51 jsjsO fu!,sl;d we;s o%djK idod bka wk;=rej isoq lrkafka ljrla o@

52 mdGdxl f,i l=ula ,nd .; hq;= o@

53 ks.uk ,nd .eksug kus l=ula l< hq;= o@

54 ,efnk f¾Ldj X wlaIh fPokh lrk ia:dkfha o%djKhg wh;a fu!,sl;dj fijsu yd j.=jla u.ska c, jsNjh fijSu

55 mglfha c, jsNjhg jvd jevs c, jsNjh we;s o%djK j,g ynr, ms;s fhoQ jsg ljr fjkila ksrSlaIKh l< yels o@

56 mglfha c, jsNjhg jvd wvq c, jsNjh we;s o%djK j,g ynr, ms;s fhoQ jsg ljr fjkila ksrSlaIKh l< yels o@ ta wehs@

57 c,h bj;a jsu isoqjkafka  s jkafka wehs@

lergs  j, wdydr ixps; lrk ,o uqoqka uqf,a mgl fyda w¾;dm,a wdlkao mgl  j, c, jsNjh fijsug fuu l%uh fhdod .kshs tfy;a ta i|yd fhdod .kakd w¾;dm,a is,skavr $ ;Sre j, ljr fjkia jsula ta i|yd Ndjs; l< yels o@

58 tu ;sre j, os. jevs jkafka wehs@

59 ffi, ;=,  mj;sk c, jsNj w.h l=ula jsh hq;= o@

60 mglfha c, jsNjhg iudk  c, jsNjh we;s o%djK j,g w¾;dm,a is,skavr fhoQ jsg ljr fjkila ksrSlaIKh l< yels o@

water movement in plants 1

Ydl ;=, c,h yd LKsc ,jK mrsjykh  ls%hdj,s jsu¾Ykh lrhs'

1   c,h  ;=, p,kh jk   wKq we; tys wvx.= Yla;sh ljr kulska ye|skafjhs o@

2 c,h r;a lr wKqj, fjs.hg l=ula isoq fjhs o@ tys m%;sM,h l=ula o@

3  mssrsisoq c, Ndckhl ^wdi%e; c,h & c, wKqj, pd,l Yla;sh Wmrsu fjhs tfy;a ,qKq o%jKh   r;al< jsg tys ;dmdxlh jevsfjhs  $ c, wKqj, pd,l Yla;sh wvq fjhs 'ta l=ula ksido@

iuia; c, wKq j, pd,l Yla;sh fhdod .ksuska ld¾hhla isoql< yelsh c,jsNj;dj f,i y|qkajkafka  th ueksh yels Odrs;djls

4 c,jsNj;dj jevs w.hla .kafka ljr o%djKhl o@

5 c, wKq  idkao%kh jevss ia:dkhl yd  c, wKq  idkao%kh wvq ia:dkh kus lrkak

    c, wKq  idkao%kh jevss ia:dkhl   -----

6 i;aj ffi,hla wdi%e; c,hg fhoQ jsg c, wKq  idkao%kh jevss ia:dkh yd  c, wKq  idkao%kh wvq ia:dkh kus lrkak

  c, wKq  idkao%kh jevss ia:dkh  -----    

  c, wKq  idkao%kh wvq  ia:dkh -----   

7 i;aj ffi,hla c,hg fhoQ jsg c, .uk isoqjkafka ljr osYdjg o@ wjidkfha l=ula  isoqfjhs o@

8 wdka;r mdr.uH mg,hla yryd isoqjk c,h .uka lsrsu y|qkajk ku ,shkak

9 wdka;r mdr.uH mg,hla  fjkqjg ffi, ns;a;shla mej;=ks kus th yryd isoqjk c,h .uka lsrsu y|qkajk ku ,shkak

10 c, jsNjh jevs ia:dkhl isg c, jsNjh wvq ia:dkhla olajd c,h .uka lsrSu iEu jsgu isoqfjhs kus pd,l Yla;sh fjkia l< yels$ c, jsNj;dj fjkia l< yels  yels l%u my; ksrslaIk w;frka f;darkak  WIaK;ajh fjkia lsrSu u.ska  $ mSvkh u.ska $ idkao%Kh fjkia lsrSu $c,ldus o%jH mej;Su

 1  r;a lrk jsg c,h jdIamslrKh jevsjSu

11  tkak;a lsrsfuaoS isrskac Ndjs; lrhs

111  jsh

1 v  jsh

 iSks o%djKh                        0.2M        0.1M       wdi%e; c,h                          

 c, jsNjh  lsf,da meial,a        -540         -260            0

11 Wmrsu c,  jsNj w.h ψ / psi we;af;a  l=ul o@tys w.h lSh o@

12 o%djH m%udKh jevsjk jsg l=ula isoqfjhso@

13 0.2M    o%djKfha idkao%Kh  fya;= fldg f.k c,jsNjh fldmuK m%udKhlska wvqjs ;sfns o@

14 o%djKhl idkao%Kh  fya;= fldg f.k c,jsNj fjkiajk m%udKh  o%djH jsNjh kus fjhs  0.1M    o%djKfha tu w.h lsho@

15 isrskachlg wdi%e; c,h fhdod msiagkh ;o l< jsg c, jsNjhg l=ula isoq fjhs o@

16 c,lduS o%jH f,i .efkkafka ta.d¾ fm%dagsk jeks o%jHhkah ksmdkh f,i ye|skafjkafka tjeks ixfhda. u.ska isoqlrk c,h wOsfYdaIkh jSu ksid c, jsNjhg l=ula fjhs o@

17 .=re;ajh fyda msvkh ksid c,h p,kh jsu ialkaO m%jdyh kus fjhs tjeks wjia:djlg WodyrK ,shkak wxl 10 wjia:do Ndjs;  l< yelsh