Nerve Tissue

iakdhq mglh

1 iudfhdackh f,i y|qkajkafka l=ulao@  tys mj;sk  m%Odk ls%hdj,s 3 ,shkak

2 ta i|yd  l=uk moaO;s odhl fjhs o@

3 usksidf.a  ndysr W;af;ach m%;s.%yKh l=ulska isoqfjhso@

4 m%;spdr oelajSfusoS ls%hd;aul jkafka ljrlao@

5 my; oelafjk tla tla W;af;ac ljrla u.ska m%;s.%yKh lrhso@

Ynsoh  --

jd;fha we;s ridhksl o%jH - 

c,fha oshjQ ridhksl o%jH  -- 

iam¾Yh -- 

wdf,dalh -- 

6 W;af;ac wjfndaO lr .ekSu isoq lrkafka l=ulska o@

7 iakdhq moaO;sfha jHqyuh tallh l=ula o@

8 tys m%Odk  fkdgia  fudkjd o@

9 ffi, foayfhka bj;g wdfjs. iusfm%aIKh lrkafka l=ula o@

10 ffi, foayfhka foig wdfjs. iusfm%aIKh lrkafka l=ula o@

11 ffi, foayh ljr yevhla .kshs o@

12 tys  ksi,a lKsld f,i yuqjkafka  ljrlao@

13 w.%ia: n,an f,i y|qkajkafka l=ula o@

14 wlaikh jgd t;Su isoq lrkafka ljr ffi, o@

15 kshqrsf,udj  f,i y|qkajkafka ljrla o@

16 rkajsh¾ .eg f,i kus lrkafka ljrla o@

s

17 uh,ska we;af;a ljr ia:dkhl o@ tys mj;sk .=Kdx.h l=ula o@

18 uh,Ska fldmqj rys; kshqfrdak orkafka ljqrekao@

  

19 uh,Ska fldmqj ;snsfuka we;sjk jdish l=ula o@

20 wlaikfha  uh,Ska fldmq w;r m%foaYh ljr kulsla y|qkajhs o@

21 wdfjs. iusfm%aIK  osYdj wkqj kshqfrdak  j¾. lr we;af;a flfia o@

22 m%ir ixLHdj wkqj kshqfrdak  j¾. lr we;af;a flfia o@

23 kshqfrdakhl  wlaikfha ffi, ma,diauh ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

24 kshqfrdakhl  wlaikfha ma,diau mg,h ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

25 wdfjs.hla iusfm%aIKh fkdlrk wjia:dfjsoS tys we;=,; yd msg; mj;sk wdfrdamK

fudkjd o@

msg;  ---

we;=,; ---

26 tu fjkig  fya;= ,shkak

27 fuu idkao%K fjki mj;ajd .ekSfusoS l=ula jeh fjhs o@

28 fuu mrsjyk l%uh y|qkajk ku l=ula o@

29 tu ksid we;sjk m%;sM,h l=ula o@

30 tysoS  mg,h fomi we;sjk jsNjh lSh o@

31 W;af;achla ksid isoq jkafka l=ulao@

32 tysoS whk .uka lrkafka l=ula yryd o@

33 tu ksid we;sjk m%;sM,h l=ula o@

34 tu ls%hdj y|qkajk ku l=ula o@

35 tysoS ia:dkSh Odrdj yg .kafka ljr ia:dk w;r o@

36 tysoS  we;sjk jsNjh lSh o@

39 tysoS ia:dkSh Odrdj yg .ekSu ksid we;sjk fjk;a n,mEula ,shkak

40 tu n,mEu ia:dkSh Odrdjg flfia n,mdhs o@

41 l,ska O%ejKh jQ ia:dkhg l=ula isoqfjhs o@

42 ta i|yd .;jk ld,h l=ula o@ th y|qkajk ku l=ula o@

43 wlaikhl uh,ska fldmqj  jsoHq;a  mrsjdrl fjs’ ta wehs@

44 tysoS  jsO%ejKhg ,la jkafka ljr ia:dko@

45 tysoS ia:dkSh Odrdj yg .kafka ljr ia:dk w;r o@

46 uh,ska fldmq fkdue;s wlaik orkafka ljqrekao@

47 th wdfjs. iusfm%aIK fjs.hg flfia n,mdhs o@

48   wdfjs. iusfm%aIK fjs.h r|d mj;skafka ljr jHqySh ,laIK u;o@

49 wmDIaGjxYSkaf.a wdfjs. iusfm%aIK fjs.h jevs lr .eksug ljr jHqySh ,laIK odhl fjhs o#

50 wlaikfha fl

51 jsO%ejK ;;ajh fus  olajd meusKs miq tys mdr.uH;dfjs ljr fjkila isoq fjhs o@

52 ta iu. w.%ia: n,anh ;=, ljr fjkila we;sfjhs o@

53 tajd fha b,lalh ljrla o@

54 hdno kshqfrdakfha m%;s.%dyl fmfoi y|qkajkafka ljr kulskao@ tys isoqjk fjki l=ula o@

55 ridhksl iusfm%aIlh  f,i ls%hd lr, ixfhda. fudkjd o@

56 wjidkfha ridhksl iusfm%aIlh g  w;ajk brKu l=ula o@

57 tjdks tkaihsuhla i|yka lrkak tu ls%hdj,sfha we;s jeo.;alu l=ula o@

58 w.%ia: n,anh ;=, isoqjk fuu ls%hdj,sh ksid wdfjs. iusfm%aIKfha ljr ,laIKhla  oel.; yels o@

59 iuyr lDus kdYl u.ska ljr ls%hdj,shlg n,mEus we;s lrhs o@

Animal cell -3

ffi,h  -3

laIqo% kd,sld yd laIqo% iQ;s%ld

1  fm%dagSk j,ska iukajs; k, y|qkajkafka ljr kulska o@$ kus j,ska o@

2 fus w;rska l=yruh njla fmkajkafka ljrlska o@ tys wvx.= fm%dagSkh ,shkak

3 laIqo% iq;s%ld j, wvx.= fm%dagSkh ,shkak

4 fujeks laIqo% kd,sld tlajSfuka ms

5 wxY=uh o%jH hus osYdjlg p,kh  msKsi odhl jkafka ljrla o@

6 cSjshl= hus osYdjlg p,kh  msKsi odhl jkafka ljrla o@

7 m¾hka; ;ka;= 9 la yd uOH ;ka;= 2 lska iukajs; jkafka ljrl o@

8 mlaIu ork mglhla ,shkak

9 wxY=uh o%jH hus osYdjlg p,kh  msKsi odhl jkafka ljrla o@

10 yn,l ls%hdldrs;ajh we;af;a ljrlg o@

11 laIqo% kd,sld 3 lska hq;a tall j,ska iukajs; jkafka ljrlo@

12 flakao%sldj ms

13 flakao% foayh ieliS we;s wkaou ,shkak

14 ffi, iels,a, iEoSug odhl jkafka ljrla o@

15 ta u.ska bgq lrk lD;Hh ,shkak

16 weuSndldr p,k ksmojSug odhl jkafka ljr ffi,Sh jsm¾hdihla o@ thg odhl;ajh imhkafka ljrla o@

Animal cell 1

සත්ව සෛලය  2 

24 i;aj ffi,hl oajs;aj mg, jHqy f,i mj;skafka ljrla o@

25 ma,diau mg,hg idfmalaIj tys mj;sk fjkila ,shkak thg fya;=j ,shkak

26 ffi,Sh ls%hdldrs;ajh md,kh lsrSu i|yd odhl jk jHqy fudkjd o@

27  tys m%fjsKs.; f;dr;=re .nvd lsrsu iso lrkafka flfia o@

28 j¾Kfoay hkq fudkjd o@

29 cdkhla f,i i,lkafla l=ula o@

30 hus cSjS jsfYaIhlg jsYsIaG jk wKq fudkjd o@

31  kj kHIags yg .kafka ljr wjia:dj,oS o@

32  ta i|yd wjYH  DNA ksmojkafka ljrla u.ska o@ tu ls%hdj,sh y|qkajk ku l=ula o@

33 DNA m%;sj,s; jSfusoS i¾j iu  wKq 2la iEfohs th ljr m%;sM,hla w;alr fohs o@

34 kj DNA yereKq fldg fuu wKq u.ska ljrla  ksmofjhs o@ ta ljr wjia:djl oSo@

         

35 th isoq lsrsfuka wfmalaId lrkafka l=ula o@

36 kHIagsldfjs mj;skafka fudkjd o@ lD;Hh ,shkak

37 rhsnfidau Wm tall iEos we;af;a ljrlska o@

38 ma,diau mg,h ls%hdldrS wdjrKhla f,i y|qkajkafka wehs@

39 me;,s mg,uh uvs f,i ffi, ;=, mj;skafka fudkjd o@

40 tajd w;=rska tlsfklg iusnkaO jQ ;yvq f,i mj;skafka ljrla o@ tys wdldr fudkjd o@

41 tys mj;sk jHqyuh fjki l=ula o@

42 isks|q wka;( ma,diauSh cd,sld j, lD;Hh ,shkak

43 r¿ wka;( ma,diauSh cd,sld j, lD;Hh ,shkak

44 fm%dagSkhla iEoSfusoS  weuhsfkda wus, ms

u.ska o@

45 ljr wKqjla u.ska th imhd fohso@

46 rhsnfidau ljr ia:dk j, olakg ,efnhs o@

47 jl%dldr uvs f,i i,lkafka ljrla o@

48 wdYhsld ksmojsfus yelshdj we;af;a ljrlg o@

49  tu wdYhsld j,ska ,hsifidau idokafka ljrla o@

50 tu wdYhsld j,ska laIqo%foay idokafka ljrla o@

51 wka;( ma,diauSh cd,sld yd f.d,acs w;r iusnkaO;dj l=ula o@

52 wka;( ma,diauSh cd,sld ksmojk wdYhsld ;=, wka;¾.; jkafka l=ula o@

53 ta u.ska wkd.;fha oS ksmojkafka fudkjd o@

54 f.d,acs foay j,   isoqjk ksIamdok lD;Hh $ lD;Hhka  ,shkak

55 f.d,acs foay j,   isoqjk fjk;a lD;Hh $ lD;Hhka  ,shkak

56 Tlaisldrl tkaihsu iys; jk wdYhsld ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

57 tys we;s tkaihsu isoqlrk Tlaisldrl ls%hdj, hi|yka lrkak

58 tysoSs isoqjk ixjD;a;Sh ls%hdjla ,shkak tajd y|qkajk kula ,shkak

59 fmfrdlaihsv ns| oeuSu isoqlrk jHqyh y|qkajk ku l=ula o@

60 fmfrdlaisfidau j, fjk;a ld¾hhla ,shkak

61 i;aj ffi,j, fkdue;af;a l=ula o@

62 ,hsifidau osjs kdYl u¿ f,i y|qkajkafka wehs@

63 tjeks wjia:djka i|yd WodyrK fokak

64 ,hsifidau m%;splS%lrKhg odhl jk jHqy  f,i y|qkajkafka wehs@

65 tyss we;=,;a tkaihsu j¾. fudkjd o@

66 fuu tkaihsu Ndjs; lr ffi,hlg  ljr n,mEus we;s lrhs o@

57 tla tla wjia:d i|yd WodyrK fokak

Cell membrane

ffi,h - ma,diau mg,h

Theodore Schwen

Rudolf Virchow

Robert hooke

Anton Van Leeuwehook

1 ish¿u Ydl ffi,j,ska iEos we;s nj

 ish¿u cSjska ffi,j,ska iEos we;s nj fmkajd oqkafka ljq o@

2 nelagSrshd ksrSlaIKh

 ffi,h hkak y|qkajd oSu isoqlf,a ljq o@

3 ffi,h jHqyuh tallh f,i i,lkafka wehs@

4 ffi,h lD;Huh tallh f,i i,lkafka wehs@

5 ma,diau mg,fha wvx.= ix>gl fudkjd o@

6 fmdiafmd ,smsv j, mj;sk .;s.=K fudkjd o@

7 ta ksid ;jr .=Kdx. ffi, ma,diau mg,h w;a lrf.k ;sfns o@

8 fm%dagSk jHma; js we;af;a flfia o@

9 c,fha o%djH l=vd wKq j, ir, jsirKhg odhl jk fm%dagsk wKq j, jsfYaI;ajh l=ula o@

10 idkao% wkql%uKhg tfrysj isoqjk wKq .uka lsrSfusoS ljr fm%dagSk odhl fjhs o@

11 Yla;sh jeh lruska wKq mrsjykh lrkafka ljr wjia:dj,oSo@ WodyrK fokak

12 jdyl Ndjs; lruska mrsjykh jk wls%h mrsjyk o%jHla ,shkak

13 ldfndayhsvsf¾g olakg ,efnk ia:dkh l=ula o@’

14 wd.ka;=l o%jH f,i y|qkd.; yelafla ljrla o@

15 ma,diau mg,fha fjk;a lD;Hhka fudkjd o2

16 ma,diau mg,h ls%hdldrS wdjrKhla f,i y|qkajkafka wehs@

Fungi Mucor

 

1 ljr rEmdldr j,ska os,Sr mj;S o@

2 m%Odk jYfhka os,Sr  j, ffi, ns;a;sfha wvx.= jkafka ljrla o@

ixps; wdydr mj;skkafka  flfia o@ tajd  fudkjd o@

3 os,sr iuyrla j¾Kj;a fjhs ta l=ula ksid o@ tjeks j¾K lsysmhla i|yka lrkak

4 os,sr fndfyduhla  ixffi,sh fjs hkafkka woyia jkafka l=ula o@

5 tal ffi,sl os,srhla  kus lrkak

6 tajd fmdaIKh imhd .kafka flfia o@

7 fus ksid Wmia;rhg l=ula isoqfjhs o@

8 yria ns;a;s olakg ,efnk os,Sr ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

9 ksrdjdr $ yria ns;a;s fkdue;s os,Sr j, iuyr wjia:d j,oS yria ns;a;s olakg ,efnhs ta ljr wjia:d j, o@

10 tjeks os,Srhlg WodyrK fokak

11 os,Sr j¾.SlrKh i|yd fhdod .kakd ,laIK fudkjd o@

os,sr j¾. fudkjd o@

12 os,sr j, Ok udos,s yd iDK udos,s jYfhka iQ;s%ld foj¾.hla mj;S th ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

13 tys mj;sk iajNdjh l=ula o@

14 os,sr j,  mj;sk m%ckk l%u fudkjd o@

Class – Zygomycetes / ihsf.dusfiagsia

15 Mucor w,sx.sl m%ckkfhaoS idok m%ckl ffi, j¾.h l=ula o@

q

16 nscdKq wka;¾.; jHqyh y|qkajkafka ljr kulska o@

17 th ord isgskafka ljrla o@

18 nScdKqOdksh ;=, nscdKq yg.kafka flfia o@

19 nScdKq jHma;sh isoqjkafka ljrla u.ska o@

20 ,sx.sl m%ckkh isoq lrk jsg ckaudKql kHIags we;=,;a jkafka ljrla ;=, o@

21 tal .=K ckaudKq kHIags folla ixfhda. jsug ljr ;;aj iusmQ¾K jsh hq;= o@

22 ixfhda.dKql kHIags we;=,;a jHqyhg ld,;rk yelshdj ,ens we;af;a wehs@

23 ys;lr mrsir ;;aj meusKs jsg m%:ufhka isoqjkafka l=ula o@

24 bka miq tys ljr fjkila isoq fjhs o@

25 udos,s folg wh;a nscdKq fldmuK m%udKhla thska ksoyia fjhs o@

Plant Movement

W;af;ac  j,g m%;spdr oelajSu

1 W;af;ac j,g m%;spdr oelajsu Ydl  yd i;ajhska i;= cSjS ,laIKhla fjs

tysoS y|qkd.; yels m%Odk fjkia lula ,shkak

mrsirfhka ,nd.;a   ksrslaIK lsysmhla fuys olajd we;

tal md¾Yajsl wdf,dalh foig Ydl w.%hla keuS j¾Okh jSu

la,eusfvdfukdia wdsf,dalh foig isoq lrk p,kh

ksosl=usnd Ydlhla iam¾Y l< jsg isoqjk p,k

wdOdrlhla jgd wfrdayl Ydlhla t;Su

2 tla tla p,k i|yd fya;= jk  w;af;ach l=ulaoehs y|qkajkak

3 W;af;ach yd m%;spdr olajk osYdj w;r iusnkaO;dj l=ulao@  

4 tu p,k w;r p,kh m%;sj¾;H jkafka $ uq, ;;ajhg m;a jSu isoqjkafka ljrlo@

5 flgs ld,hlska isoqjsh yels p,k f,i i,lkafka ljrla o@

6 ksosl=usnd Ydlhl p,khg iudk  p,k olajk fjk;a Ydl kus lrkak

7 jHqqyuh jYfhka tys mj;sk ,laIKhla ,shkak

8 p,khg fya;= jkafka WmOdk fha ffi,j, ljr ls%hdj,shla o@

9 mqIam msmSfus oS o fuhg iudk Y+k;dj fjkiajsfus ls%hdj,shla iso fjhs  jvd;a Y=k ffi, yuqjkafka

mqIam m;% j, ljr mDIaGfha o@ isoqjk fjkia jSu l=ula o@

10 mqIam m;% j, hg mDIaGhg idfmalaIj Wvq mDIaGfha ffi, os.ska jevs jsu

Y=k;djfha fjkila ksid we;sjk fujeks p,k y|qkajk ku l=ula o@

11 fujeks p,k flfrys fya;= jk ixfhda. fudkjd o@

Ydl fydafudak $ TlaiSk

12 ksosl=usnd Ydlh olajk p,k j,g fya;=jk fjk;a W;af;ac fudkjd o@

13 W;af;acfha iajNdjh wkqj p,k kus lrhs by; i|yka W;af;ach wkqj ,ndosh yels ku l=ula o@

m

14 j¾Okfha we;sjk fjkia jsula ksid we;sjk wm%;sj¾;H p,khla ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

wdj¾;S p,khla kus fjhs

Tng th y|qkd .ekSug Wmfhda.S lr .; yels ,laIKhla ,shkak

by; i|yka  jS we;s ,laIK w;rskatjeks wdj¾;S p,k f;darkak

15 fmdapspshl jjk ,o Ydlhla yria w;g fmr

16 .=re;ajfha n,mEfuka fujekakla isoqfjs o  hkak mrslaId lr ne,Su i|yd Ndjs; l< yels WmlrKhla  y|qkajkak

17 tys Ydlh r|jd we;s fldgi ksrka;rfhka fiuska N%uKh jSug i,iajd we; thska n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka l=ula o@

18 i;s lsysmhlg miq ljr ksrSlaIKhla ,efns hehs wfmalaId lrkafka o@

19 tfia isoqjkafka  wehs@

 uqf,a w.%h .=re;ajh  foig keuS j¾Okh jSu tysoS isoq fjhs th ljr p,k j¾.hlg wh;a fjhs o@

20  tu ,laIKh fmkajk fjk;a p,k wdldrhla y|qkajkak

21  fus wkqj Tn oekg y|qkdf.k we;s  m%Odk Ydl p,k wdldr 3 olajkak

22 W;af;ach  foig isoqjk p,k Ok p,k f,i;a W;af;acfhka   bj;g isoqjk p,k iDK p,k

f,i;a y|qkajhs’ ta wkqj my; olajd we;s p,k  kus lrkal

uq, .=re;ajh foig j¾Okh  -------

l|  w.%h .=re;ajfhka bj;g j¾Okh  jSu ----- 

myqre wdOdrl jgd t;Su  ---- 

l=Kav,dldr m;% os. yerSu ----

l+v¿ Ydlfha M,h msmsrS nSc jHma; jSu --- 

mqgsld jsjD; jSu ----

Translocation

wdydr mrsjykh

1 wdydr mrsjyk  mglh l=ula o@

2 mrsKdufha oS uq,skau mrsjyk mglhla y|qkd .;af;a ljr Ydl fldgsGdYfha o@

3 Wiia Ydl j,g  jvd tys mej;s fjki ,shkak

4 Wiia Ydl j, mj;sk ffi, o¾Y kus lrkak

5 wdydr mrsjykhg jvd;a yev.eis we;af;a ljr  ffi, o@$ ffi, hka o@

6 ta i|yd mj;sk yev.eiSu l=ula o@

7 fmfkar k, uQ,dx. hla yd m;% uOH ffi,hla w;r mj;sk fjk;a fjkialus ,shkak

8 lef,dai iEoSu ksid isoq jkafka l=ula o@ ljr wjia:d j,oS th isoqfjhs o@

9 lef,dai iEoS we;af;a l=ulska o@

10 maf,dahufha wka;¾.; ldnksl o%jH  l=ula o@

a

11 maf,dahufha wka;¾.; fjk;a o%jH  fudkjd o@

12 iqlafrdaia mrsjykhg  Wps; ixfhda.hla f,i i,lkafka wehs@

13 wdydr mrsjykh lrkafka ljr fldgia j,g o@

14 mrsjykh  wdrusN ia:dk jgd we;s mgl fudkjd o@

15 tjeks ia:dk y|qkajk ku ,shkak

16 iypr ffi, j, ld¾hh l=ula o@

17 ta i|yd mj;sk yev .eiSu l=ula o@

 18 osjd ld,fha oS o%djH jsNjh jevs w.hl mj;skafka m;%hl we;s ljr ffi, j,o@ iypr ffi, j,o@ fmfkar k, uQ,dx. j,o@

19 by; ld¾hfha os Yla;sh jeh jkafka wehs@

20 fuu ls%hdj y|qkajk ku ,shkak

21 m;%hl mrsjyk mgl mj;skafka ljr ia:dkhl o@

s22 maf,dahu mglhg iam¾Yj mj;sk fjk;a mrsjyk mglhla kus lrkak

23 maf,dahu ner lsrsfusos l=uk ffi, o¾Yhl c, jsNjh wvq fjhs o@

24 mj;sk c, jsNj fjki fya;=fjka l=uk mglhl isg fuu mglhg  c,h we;=¿ fjhs o@

25 fus ksid fmfkar k, ;=, yg .kakd mSvkh ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

26 wdydr ;ekam;a lrk  mglh l=ula o@

27 Ydlhl ljr fldgia fuu lD;Hh isoq lrhs o@ tjeks ia:dk y|qkajk kula ,shkak

28 ixps; o%jH f,i mj;sk ixfhda. j, mj;sk ,laIKhla ,shkak

29 tu ffi, ;=,g wdydr we;=¿ lsrsu ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

30 tu ffi, wdYs%;j mj;sk fmfkar k, uQ,dx. j, c, jsNjh wvq fjhs o@ $jevs fjhs o@

31 tu fmfkar k, uQ,dx. j,  o%j ia:s;sl mSvkh g l=ula isoq fjhs o@

32 m;% kdrgsfha we;s fmfkar k, uQ,dx. j,  o%j ia:s;sl mSvkh;a  wdydr ixps; ia:dk;a w;r mj;sk o%j ia:s;sl mSvk wkql%uKh  ksid l=ula n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka o@

33 fuysos isoqjk c, .uk y|qkajk ku l=ula o@

34 maf,dahu mrsjykh o%j ia:s;sl mSvkhla Tiafia isoqjk njg y|qkd.; yels idlaIs mj;S o@

 35 c, mrsjykhg idfmalaIj wdydr mrsjykfha fjkila ,shkak