Eco system

iajdNdjsl mrsir moaO;s

1 ,xldfjs mj;sk iajdNdjsl mrsir moaO;s j¾. kus lrkak

hus mrsirhl mj;sk Ydl m%cdfjs iajNdjh  idOl 3 la u; r|d mj;shs fN!u idOlh ffcj idOlh   foaY.=Ksl idOlh

2 ffcj idOlh   mrsir moaO;sfha isgsk hefmkkaf.a iajNdjh u; lDK N+us we;sjsh yelsh ljr fmdaIK l%uhla ta i|yd fya;= fjhs o@

3 mdxY= c,fha iajNdjh u; tlsfklg fjkia mrsir moaO;s we;sjk wjia:d i|yd WodyrK fokak

usrsosh fmdl=Kq mrsir moaO;sh   ---

lfvd,dk mrsir moaO;sh  ---  

fjr

 

4 l=vd m%foaYhla ;=, fjkia jkafka ljr idOlhla o@

5 l=vd m%foaYhla ;=, fjkia fkdjkafka ljr idOlhla o@

6 ,xldfjs mj;sk iajdNdjsl mrsir moaO;s we;sjsu i|yd fya;=js we;af;a;jr idOlh o@

7 ljr foaY.=Ksl ,laIK ai |yd fya;= js ;sfns o@

8 tu foaY.=Ksl l,dm y|qkajkak

9 ,xldjg  j¾Idm;kh ,efnk l%u fudkjd o@

10 fudaius j¾Idj ,efnkafka ljr m%foaY j,go@ l=uk ld, j,oS o@

11 tla tla l,dm j,g ,efnk Wmrsu j¾Idm;kh  lSh o@

12 udOHkH WIaK;ajfha jsp,khla mj;ska fka l=uk l,dmfha o@ th fldmuK fjhs o@

13 wfkla l,dm j,g jvd tjeks  mej;sug fya;=j l=ula o@

14 tla tla l,dmfha mj;sk iajNdjsl jDlaI,;dosh y|qkajkak

my; rg f;;a l,dmh   --

l|qlr f;;a l,dmh  ---  

w;rueos l,dmh  --- 

Y=Ial l,dmh   

my; rg jsh    

Evolution

mrskduh

 1 mD:sjsfha wdrusNl jdhqf.da,h  $Wm; l=uk ld,hl isoqjS o@

2 tu ld,h ;=, isoq jQ fjkialus ,shkak

3 mD:sjsfha wdrusNl jdhqf.da,h  tkus Tlaiscka fyda Tsfidaka fkdue;s$ Tlaisydrl jdhqf.da,h iEoS ;snqfka flfia o@

   4 j¾Idj we;sjSug ;=vq oqka fjkia jSu ,shkak

   5  j¾Idj iu. we;s jQ c,dY j, iqjsfYaI;ajh l=ula  o@

    6 wdos iQmfha wka;¾.;h l=ula o@ fuu u;h bosrsm;a lf

7 fus i|yd wjYH Yla;sh ,nd .;af;a l=ulska o@

8 fujekakla  isoqjsh yels nj m%dfhda.slj bosrsm;a lf  th isol< wkaou ,shkak

                       

   9 fujeks wKq l,s,uh wKq j,ska jg jSfuka ks¾udKh jQfha ljrla o@

10 fudjqka fmdaIKh ,enqfjs ljrlska o@

11 tu fmdaIK l%uh ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

12 fmdaI o%jH wjika jSfu ka miq ljr fmdaIK l%uhla  fmkajk cSjSka werusN jQfha o@

13 Tjqkaf.a mrsjD;a;sfha oS isoqjQ jeo.;a isoqjSula ,shkak Tjqka nsysjQfha ljodo@   

    14 th lD;Huh jYfhka iudk jkafka l=ulg o@

    

   15 ljr fmdaIK l%uhla fus ksid nsysjQfha o@

16 Tlaiscka ksmojk  m%Ndixiaf,aISka nsysjQfha ljodo@   

17 mD:sjs b;sydifha  m%Odk hq. 4 ,shkak

Archeozoic    m%dlaflausn%Sh ns,shk 2'7-0'7

Palaeozoic -  fm,sfhdfidhsla ns,shk 1'0-1'5

Mesozoic   -   uSfifidhsla

Cenozoic   -   iSfkdfidhsla

l  Paleozoic          Cambrian     us,shk   570

                            Ordovician   us,shk   510 

                            Silurian        us,shk   440

                            Devonian     us,shk   408

                            Carboniferous us,shk  us,shk   362

                             Permian        us,shk   290

                             Triassic       us,shk   245

 Mesozoic             Jurasic         us,shk   208

                            Cretaceous    us,shk   145

 Coenozoic           Tertiary      us,shk   - 65

my; oela fjk isoqjSus j,g wod, hq. fudkjd o@

18 Tlaiscka ksmojk  m%Ndixiaf,aISka  we;sjSu   ---- 

nelagSrshd yd fm%dgsiagdjka muKla cSj;a jSu  ----  

    wmDIaGjxYSka nyq,h              

   nelagSrshd yd fm%dgsiagdjka os,Sr mej;Su  

19 fN!usl Ydl we;sjSu   fud,qiald me;srSu   ---

   u;aiH mrsKduh   ----

s20  fmky,q u;aiHhka yd lDuSka  we;sjSu  ----                                 

                              

  21  WNhcSjSka iusNjh jsu    

        n%fhdmsgd uSjk Ydl    ---

  22  uSjk jkdka;r we;sjSu

     m%:u Wr.hka we;sjSu ----

  23  flaa;+Or Ydl we;sjSu   ----

     wefudksgd yd g%hsf,dndgd j|jSu    ---

  24  jsjD; nScl nyq,jSu   

   laISrmdhSka we;sjSu

25 imqIam Ydl we;sjsu

   fla;+Or Ydl me;srsu  ----

Wr.hkaf.a me;srSu ---

26 Wr.hkaf.a j|jSu ----

mlaISka we;sjSu ----

                 

27  laISrmdhSkaf.a mrskduh  ----

 28 wdjD; nScl Ydl me;srSu ---

 29 ksj¾;k jkdka;r we;sjSu ---

30 usksidg iudk jdkrhsla we;sjSu ---

31   laISrmdhSkaf.a nyq,jSu  ---

TskEu fjs,djloS wcSj o%jH j,ska iajhxisoaOj cSjh we;sjk nj

Wod ' l+Kqj,ska mkqjka we;sjSu

       fros len,s j,ska uShka we;sjSu

32 mrskduh  ms y|qkajk ku l=ula o@   

   ish,q cSjSka iqjsfYaIS n,OdrS fojshka jykafia flfkl+ ujk ,o nj mjikafka l=uk u;hl o@

34 wNHjldYfhka cSjSka Wod 'W,ald fyda wkH .%yf,dalhkska meusKs wNHjldY  hdkd

$ nScdKq meusKs nj;a thska cSjSka we;sjQ nj;a mejfikafka  ljr u;hl o@

Eco System1

ffcj jsjsO;ajh

1 ffcj jsjsO;ajh  hkafkka l=ula woyia fjhs o@

2 ffcj jsjsO;ajh  fldgia 3 lska iukajs;h ta fudkjd o@

3 cSjSka ;=, m%fjsKs jsjsO;ajh we;sjkafka wehs@

4  cSjSka ;=, jsfYaI  jsjsO;ajh we;sjkafka wehs@

5 cSjSka ;=, mrsir  moaO;s jsjsO;ajh we;sjkafka wehs@

6 ffcj jsjsO;ajh ixia:dmkh lrk ksYaps;j y|qkd.; yels jQ;a iajdNdjsl tallh l=ula o@

7 jsfYaIh hkq l=ula o@

8 tAffll cSjshd f,i y|qkajkafka  ljqreka o@

9 hus jsfYaIhl isgsk cSjSka w;r wka;¾ ls%hd mj;S tjeks wka;¾ ls%hd olajkak

1

0 my; isoQjSus ie,ls,a,g f.k wka;¾ ls%hd y|qkd .kak

ijia ld,fhaoS uhskka  iuQyhla tla jsYd, jDlaIhla u; ,e.=us .kS  ---

jDlhka iuQyhla i;ajhl= ovhus lsrSfus oS iyNd.s fjhs ----

.eyeKq i;=ka yd msrsus i;=ka hq., jYfhka  cSj;a fjhs---

11  ksYaps; ld,hla ;=, ksYaps; m%foaYhl wka;¾ ls%hd olajk tlu jsfYaIhg wh;a csjska iuqyh ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

12 ld, tallhla ;=, .yk tallhl isgsk tla cSjshl= ksmojk kj cks;hka .Kk y|qkajkafka ljr kulska o@ th iuslrKhlska fmkajkak

13 ld, tallhla ;=, .yk tallhl isgsk tla cSjshl= i|yd urKh ksid  bj;a jk cSjSka .Kk y|qkajkafka ljr kulska o@ th iuslrKhlska fmkajkak

14 .yKh j¾Ok m%ia;drh ljr ydvhla .kshs o@

15 usksia .yKh j¾Ok m%ia;drh $ j¾Ok jl%h ljr ydvhla .kshs o@

16 tys y|qkd.; yels m%foaY fudkjd o@

wdrusNh  ----

wjidkh ----

uOH fldgi ---

16 wjidkh j¾Ok iS.%;dj ksh; jSu$ iu;=,s; jsu iuyr wjia:d j,oS Wpspdjpk iys;j mj;S 

tjeks .yKhlg WodyrK ,shkak

17 iuyr wjia:d j,oS  tjeks Wpspdjpk iys;j mej;Sug fya;=  jk wka;¾ls%hd fudkjd o@

18 fmdaIKh  .yKhl ixLHdjg flfia n,mdus o@

19 .yKhl ixLHdj wvq jSug fya;= jkafka ljr idOlhka o@

20 .yKhl ixLHdj r|d mj;sk idOl ,shkak

21 m%cdj hkq l=ula o@

Wod  Ydl m%cd $ i;aj m%cd

22 jejl issgsk  m¾Kdx.  Ydl m%cd yd i;aj m%cdjlg WodyrK fokak

23 ud¿ gexlshla  ;=, y|qkd.; yels  .yK 3 la fokak

24 tu .yK w;r mj;sk my; oelafjk wka;¾ ls%hd i|yd WodyrK fokak

fmdaIKh   -----

jdiia:dk  -----

m%ckk  ------

25 mD:sjs .%yhd ;=, mj;sk ixjsOdk ugsgus ,shkak

26 mrsir moaO;shla hkq l=ula o@

27 mrsir moaO;s mj;sk ix>gl 2 ,shkak

28 wcSjS ix>gl wdldr ,shkak

29 wcSjS ix>gl fldgia 3 ,shkak

30 oS we;s idOl by; i|yka wdldr hgf;a j¾. lrkak

os,Sr  $m<.egshka  $ Ydl$ uereKq Ydl fldgia $O₂  /CO₂ /H₂O/  Lksc ,jK$WIaK;ajh $wd¾o;dj$iq<Õ$j¾Idm;kh $mfia PH w.h $,jK;djh

ldnksl o%jH  ---

wldnksl o%jH ---

fN!;sl idOl----

31 wcSjS ix>gl fldgia 3 ,shkak

ksIamdolhka  ---

mdrsfNdac,hka ---

jsfhdaclhka---

32  mrsir moaO;shlg Yla;sh ,efnkafka flfia o@

33 tu Yla;sfhka ljr m%;sY;hla Ydl ;=,g w;=¿ fjhs o@ thska m%Ndixiaf,aYKh ioyd jehfjk m%;sY;h ;=ula o@

34 b;srs Yla;shg l=ula isoqfjhs o@

35  Ydl ;=,g we;=¿jk Yla;sfhka m%Ndixiaf,aIKh i|yd jehfjk  m%udKh 50%

 jk w;r b;srs Yla;shg l=ula isoqfjhs o@

36 ksIamdolhskaf.a fufyh ,shkak

37  Yla;s m%Njh wkqj ksIamdolhka wdldr 2 la we;

38 ksIamdolhska jsiska ;srlrk Yla;sh jeh lrkafka l=ula i|yd o@

39 tall ld, iSudjloS tall j¾. M,hlska ;sr l< uq¿ Yla;s m%udKh $uq¿ ldnksl o%jH

m%udKh ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

40 Y=oaO m%d:usl ksIamdok w.h  ,nd .ekSug  l=ula l< hq;= o@

41 jsfhdaclhskaf.a fufyh ,shkak

42 mrsir moAO;sh ;=, ;sr lrk Yla;sh u; hefmkakka ljqreka o@

43 mrsir moaO;shl mj;sk fmdaIK wkqms

l=ulska o@

44 wdydr oduhl we;s Wmrsu mqrela .Kk lSh o@

Eco System 2

mrsir moaO;s

1 wdydr oduhla hkq l=ula o@

2 wdydr odu j¾. lShla mj;So@ tajd i|yka lrkak

4 ksIamdolhka uq,ska isgskafka ljr wdydr oduhl o@

5 osrdm;ajk  ldnksl o%jH  j,ska wdrusN jk wdydr odufha ku ,shkak

6 tys mqrela wkqms
 

 7 mrsir moaO;s ;=, m

8 nyq,j yuqjk m

9 iajNdjfha mj;ski ir, wdydr odu we;af;a iq¿ m%udKhls thg fya;=j l=ula o@

 tjekakla ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

10 wdydr cd, mej;Sfus jdish ,shkak

11 mrsir moaO;shl fmdaIS ugsgus w;r iusnkaO;dj  m%udKd;aul f,i ;Sre m%ia;drsl l%uhlg ksrEmkh ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

12 tys wdldr 3 y|qkajkak

13 tall j¾. M,hl  jQ cSjska tall ld,hloS ksIamdokh lrk uq¿ Yla;s m%udKh Ndjs;fhka ljr jsrusvhla ksrEmkh lrhs o@

14 ta fjkqjg cSjSkaf.a jsh

15 tall j¾. M,hl  tall ld,hloS tla  tla fmdaIK ugsgfus fjfik isgsk cSjska ixLHdj we;=,;a lr ieliQ msrusvfha ku l=jla o@

16 Wvql=re yevh;a .kakd msrusvhla iEu msgu ,efnkafka ljr wjia:djloso@

17 tfia jSug fya;= fokak

18 wdydr odufha  tla fmdaIK jgsgul isg B,Õ fmdaIK ugsgug hdfus oS Yla;sh wmf;a  hk Yla;s m%;sY;h ,shkak

19 ljr fya;=jla  ;srl, ksid Yla;sh wmf;a hhs o@

20 hgsl=re msrusv ,efnk wjia:d WodyrK f,i fokak  

21 mrsir moaO;shla fjkiajSug ,la fjhs wjidkfha th iu;=,s;;djg m;a fjhs fkdfjkia $ i:dhS ;;ajhg m;afjhs tu iu;=,s; wjia:dj y|qkajk ku ,shkak ta i|yd WodyrK fokak

22 tjeks mrsir moaO;shla jskdYhg ,la jSfuka miq usksidf.a n,mEulska f;drj jir 20 la muK mej;=k fyd;a  tys olakg ,efnkq we;af;a l=ula o@

23 wdrusNfha isg fuu wjia:dj olajd tys we;sjk Ydl jsfYaI ixhq;sfha m%.duS fjkiajSus fY%aKsh y|qkajk ku ,shkak

24 Ydl nyq,;dj wkqj Ydl jsfYaI ixhq;sh wkqms

25 jsjsO fya;+ka u;  ia:dhS m%cdjla we;sjSu je,lS hdug bv we;  tjeks wjia:djka lsysmhla ,shkak

26 fujeks fya;+ka ksid we;sjQ iajdNdjsl mrsir moaO;s lsysmhla y|qkajkak

27 ;DK N+ushl    Y=oaO m%d:usl ksIamdok w.h$ Yajikh i|yd jehjk Yla;s m%udKh  w.y lSh o@

28 j¾Id jkdka;rhl Y=oaO m%d:usl ksIamdok w.h$ Yajikh i|yd jehjk Yla;s m%udKh  w.y lSh o@

29 tnejska tall j¾.M,hlska wfkla fmdaIK ugsgus i|yd imhd.; yels jkafka ljr mrsir moaO;sfhka o@  tjeks mrsir moaO;s i|yd WodyrK fokak

30 tys mj;sk jsfYaI .Kk l=ula fjs o@

31 mrsir moaO;shl j%jH .,d hdu  jsjD; o@ ixjD; o@ tys mj;sk wldr fol ,shkak

32 jdhquh pl% 2la ,shkak

33 Ydl ;=, mj;sk khsg%cka wvx.= ixfhda. 3la ,shkak

34 tajd ksIamdokh i|yd Ydl jsiska uQ, o%jH mfika we;=¿ lr .kafka ljr wdldr j,ska o@

35 khsfg%sg mig ,efnkafka flfia o@

36  wefudakshus whk mig ,efnk l%uh ,shkak

37 wefudakshus whk khsfg%sg njg m;a lrkafka mshgr follsks tu mshjr yd iyNd.sjk cSjSka ,shkak

38 khsg%cka ;sr lsrsu ljr l%u j,g isoq fjhs o@

39 ksoyia khsg%cka  ;sr lsrSu isoqlrk cSjSka ljq o@ Tjqka cSj;ajk ia:dk olajkak

 40 iycSjS ;sr lsrSu isoqlrk cSjSka ljq o@ Tjqka cSj;ajk ia:dk olajkak