Digestive System 2

39 l=vd wka;%fha fldgia fudkjd o

40     C  yevhla  .kafka l=uk fldgi o@

41 wd,dr pl% msOdkh yd fYaIdka;%l- –uydka;%l lmdgh we;af;a fldfya o@

wd,dr pl% msOdkh     ------  

 fYaIdka;%l  –uydka;%l lmdgh  -----

wdudYhg idfmalaIj fuys we;s keuqus j, fjki ,shkak

wdudYfha keuqus fudgh  wdka;%slkeuqus $ wx.=,sld W,a iajNdjhla .kS

42 kd,dldr .%ka:s jk ,sn¾l+ka f,ka jsjD; jkafka ljr ia:dk j,oSo@ thska i%djh jkafka l=ula o@

43 nDk¾ .%ka:s ksmojkafka fudkjdo@

44 wdka;s%l hqIh wka;¾.;h l=ulao@

 45 laIqo% wx.=,sld we;af;a l=ul o@

46 laIqo% wx.=,sld u; cs¾Kh jkafka ljrla o@

47 tkagfrdffig ;=, we;s tkaihsu ,shkak

48 tkagfrdffig ;=, cS¾Kh isoqjkafka ljrla o@

49 w.akHdYfha hqI tl;= jkafka l=ulska o@

50 tys wka;¾.;h ,shkak

51 ms;a hqIfha  wka;¾.;h ,shkak

52 fusjd w;=rska ms;a hqIfha  tla tla ld¾hh fjkqfjka odhl;ajh imhkafka l=ula o@

53 fus yereKq jsg ms;a hqIfhka bgqjk ;j;a ld¾hhla ,shkak

54 tkagfrdlhsfkaia j, ld¾hh ,shkak

55 wdydr ud¾.fha ns;a;sfhka  i%djh jk fydafudak fudkjd o@

56 my; i|yka tla tla ld¾hh  W;af;ac qlrk fydafudakh f;darkak

           wdudYhsl hQI  i%djh W;af;ackh

           .%eiags%ka i%djh ksfYaOkh

           w.akHdYfha i%djh W;af;ackh

           ms;a;dYh u.ska ms;a hQI ksl=;a lsrsu

           w.akdYhsl hqI ksmojsu

           wlaudj u.ska ms;a hqI ksmojSu

 

57 m%;sls%hdjg .e,fmk tkaihsuh f;darkak th isoqjk ia:dkh bosrsfhka ,shkak

   fuso                      .a,sifgda,a +fuso wus,                   

   msIagh                       fud,afgdaia                          

   ,elafgdaia                  .e,elafgdaia   + .a,qfldaia          

   fm%dagSk                     weuhsfkda wus,                       

   fm%dagSk                     l=vd fmd,s fmmaghsv                 

   kshqla,sla wus,             kshqla,sfhdaghsvs                       

kshqla,sfhdaghsvs               kshqla,sfhdaihsv +fmkafgdai  +khsg%ckSh NIau    

   fmmaghsv                   weuhsfkda wus,                      a 

   l=vd fmd,s fmmaghsv         vhs fmmaghsv                       

   vhs fmmaghsv              weuhsfkda wus,                    

58 wdka;s%l wmspsPofha we;s  l,ia ffi,j, ld¾hh ,shkak

+59 uydka;%fha fldgia fudkjd o@

60 th wdrusN jk ia:dkfha  we;s lmdgh l=ula o@

61 yrialvlska fmfkk mrsos wdka;%hg jvd ljr fjkila mj;shs o2

62 uydka;%h ;=,oS wjfydaIKh jkafka ljrla o@

63 uydka;%fha fjk;a ld¾hhla ,shkak

64 flaYkd,sld u.ska tl;= lr .kakd reOsrh l=uk Ysrdjla u.ska bj;g f.khhs o@

65 u, iEoSfusoS isoqjk my; ls%hdj,s  ksid isoqjk  >k jsu $ meisu $oqUqre meyejsu $.kaOh  we;sjSu ljrl m%;sM,hla o@

c,h wjfYdaIKh jsu    

b;srs jS we;s ldfndayhsvsf¾g             

ns,srenska jsfhdackh

b;srs jS we;s fm%dagSk  ns|Su

66 u, msgjsu i|yd m%;Slh we;sjkafka l=ula ksid o@

67 ;ka;= j, jeo.;a lu ,shkak

68 u, noaOh we;s jSug fya;= ,shkak

69 .%eiag%hsgSia frda.S ;;ajfha ,laIK fudkjd o@

70 .%eiag%hsgSia frda.S ;;ajh we;sjSug fya;= ,shkak

Selaginella

 

 

Selaginella Ydlh

wkajSlaI rEm

Selaginella nScdKq Ydlh $ ixfla;=j $ cSjk pl%h

1 ljr mrsirj, fuu ckaudKq Ydl mj;shs o@

2 ckaudKq Ydl wdldr fldmuK ;sfns o@

3 ckaudKq Ydlhl l=uk fldgia y|qkd.; yelsfjhs o@

4 tajd fjkalr y|qkd.; yelsfjhs o@ ta flfia o@

5 Y=l%dKqOdks ;=, ksmojk Y=l%dKqj, yevh ,shkak

6 Y=l%dKq ksoyia jkafka ljr wjia:djloSo@

7 mrsk; cdhd ckaudKq Ydlh mDIaGShj l=ula mj;shs o@

8 ixfiapkh isoqjk ia:dkh ,shkak hqla;dKqfjs m

9 ixfiapkh miqj iEfok hqla;dKqj fmdAIKh yd wdrlaIdj ,nkafka ljrlska o@

10 hqla;dKqfjs jsNdckh u.ska idokafka l=ula o@

11 nscdKqOdks msysgk ia:dkh ,shkak

12 nscdKqOdks j¾. lShla ;sfns o@ tajd fudkjd o@

13 nSscdKq Odks j, fjki ,shkak

14 nScdKq ksmojk ffi, fudkjd o@tys os isoqjk jsNdckh l=ula o@

15 nScdKq jHma;sh ljr wjia:dfjs isoqfjhs o@

16 tajd m%frdayKfhka idok jHqyh l=ula o@

17 ckaudKq Ydl iajdOSk o@ mrdOSk o@

Nephrolepis

 wkajSlaI rEm

Nephrolepis ckaudKq Ydlh - nScdKq Ydlh - mdis mqIamh

1  ljr mrsirj, fuu Ydl mj;shs o@

2 ckaudKq Ydlfha yevh ,shkak

3 ckaudKq Ydlhl l=uk fldgia y|qkd.; yelsfjhs o@

4 ckaudKq Ydl wdldr fldmuK ;sfns o@

5 ckaudKqOdks j, msysgSu l=ula o@

6 Y=l%dKqOdks ;=, wka;¾.; jkafka fudkjdo@

7 Y=l%dKqOdks ;=, ksmojk Y=l%dKqj, yevh ,shkak

8 Y=l%dKq ksoyia jkafka ljr wjia:djloSo@

9 mrsk; ckaudKq Ydlfha w.%fha uQ,dN j, msysgSu l=ula o@

10 ixfiapkh isoqjk ia:dkh ,shkak hqla;dKqfjs m

11 ixfiapkh miqj iEfok hqla;dKqj fmdAIKh yd wdrlaIdj ,nkafka ljrlska o@

12 hqla;dKqfjs jsNdckh u.ska idokafka l=ula o@

 

13 tys wvx.= fldgia ,shkak

14 N+.; l| y|qkajkafka ljr kulska o@ th wdjrKh js we;af;a l=ulska o@

15 nSscdKq idok ia:dkh ,shkak tys msysgsu l=ula o@

16 nScdKq ksmojk ffi, fudkjd o@tys os isoqjk jsNdckh l=ula o@

17 nscdkqOdks j, yevh ,shkak

18 nScdKq jHdma;sh flfia isoqfjhs o@

19 tajd m%frdayKfhka idok iQ;s%ldldr jHqyh l=ula o@

20 ckaudKq Ydlh iajdOSk o@ mrdOsk o@

Bryophyta Pogonatum

  

wkajSlaI rEm

Pogonatum ckaudKq Ydlh $ nScdKq Ydlh $ mdis mqIamh

1 ljr mrsirj, fuu Ydl mj;shs o@

2 ckaudKq Ydlhl l=uk fkdgia y|qkd.; yelsfjhs o@

3 ckaudKq Ydl wdldr fldmuK ;sfns o@

4 tajd fjkalr y|qkd.; yelsfjhs o@ ta flfia o@

5 fmrsf.dakshu ;=, wka;¾.; jkafka fudkjdo@

6 Y=l%dKqOdks ;=, ksmojk Y=l%dKqj, yevh ,shkak

7 Y=l%dKq ksoyia jkafka ljr wjia:djloSo@

8 mrsk; cdhd ckaudKq Ydlh w.%fha l=ula mj;shs o@

9 ixfiapkh isoqjk ia:dkh ,shkak hqla;dKqfjs m

10 ixfiapkh miqj iEfok hqla;dKqj fmdAIKh yd wdrlaIdj ,nkafka ljrlska o@

wdrlaIdj ------

fmdAIKh ------

11 hqla;dKqfjs jsNdckh u.ska idokafka l=ula o@

12 tys wvx.= fldgia ,shkak

13 nSscdKq idok ia:dkh ,shkak

 
14 nScdKq ksmojk ffi, fudkjd o@tys os isoqjk jsNdckh l=ula o@

15 nScdKq jHma;sh flfia isoqfjhs o@

16 tajd m%frdayKfhka idok iQ;s%ldldr jHqyh l=ula o@

17 ckaudKq Ydl yg.kafka flfia o@

secondary thickening

lf|a oajs;shl j¾Okh

1 fuys olajd we;af;a l=ul  yrialvl wkajslaISh fmkqu o@

2 msg;ska wdrlaIdj msKsi mj;sk  jHqyh ,shkak

3 ta u.ska l=uk wdrlaIdjla i,iajhs o@ ta i|yd mj;sk yev.eisus ,shkak

4 ndyslfha wka;¾.; mglh $ mglhka ,shkak

5 yrialvla u.ska tajd y|qkd .kafka flfia o@

6 uDoqia;r mglh wvx.= fjk;a ia:dkhla i|yka lrkak

7 tys lD;Hh ,shkak

8 ndyslh  u.ska thg wu;rj isoqlrk ld¾hhka i|yka lrkak ta i|yd mj;sk yev.eiSu  ,shkak

9 rEm igyfka wxl 1 u.ska fmkajd we;af;a l=ula o@

10 th ix,.ak ikd, l,dmhla f,i kus lrkafka wehs@

11 ix.; l,dmhl mj;sk ,laIK fuys ;sfns o@ th l=ula o@

12 ix.; l,dmhl olakg fkdue;s ia:dkhla ,shkak

13 th we;afldka ikd, l,dmhla f,i kus lrkafka wehs@

14 th ix,.ak ikd, l,dmhla f,i kus lrkafka wehs@

15 wkd.;fha oS jsNdcl yelshdj ,efnshehs wfmalaId lrkafka ljr ffi, j, o@

16 tys ls%hdldrs;ajh ksid we;sjk fjkialus ,shkak

17 fus ksid we;sjk jsh

18 th ks¾udKh lrkq ,nkafka l=ulskao@ th yg.kafka l=ulskao@

19 wmsp¾ufha mqgsld mj;sk ia:dkj, we;sjk jsfYaI;ajh ,shkak tys jeo.;alu ,shkak

20 tu jsNdclfhka idok fjk;a mglhla ,shkak tys msysgsu l=ula o@

Enzyme

1  tkaihsu ks¾udKh jS we;af;a ljr ldnksl ixfhda. j,ska o@

2 m%%;sls%hdjl ils%hk Yla;sh  hkq l=ula o@

 tkaihsu W;afm%arkfha oS m%;sj¾;H m%;sls%hdjla i|yd we;slrk n,mEu  oS we;s ,laIK j,ska f;darkak

   wiudk fyda iudk lsrsu 

   osYdj ;SrKh lsrsu $ fkdlsrsu

  ils%hk Yla;sh wvq lsrsu  $jevslsrsu

   n,mEula we; $ ke;

3 ridhksl m%;sls%hd fjs fndfyda jsg ils%hk Yla;sh -------- 

4 ridhksl m%;sls%hd fjs bosrs yd miq m%;sls%hdfjs is>%;dj  ---------- 

5 ridhksl m%%;sls%hdjl osYdj      ---------

6 ridhksl m%%;sls%hdjl iu;=,s; ,laIhg  ----- 

7 m%;sls%hdjla  wjidkfha tkaihsuhg l=ula isoq fjhs o@

8 wdus,sl udOHfhaoS by< ils%h;djla fmkajk tkaihsuhl ku ,shkak

9 NdIausl udOHfhaoS by< ils%h;djla fmkajk tkaihsuhl ku ,shkak

10 m%Yia; PH w.hla fkdmej;=k fyd;a isoqjsh yelafla l=ula o@

 

11 ridhksl m%;sls%hdjl  m%;sls%hds is>%;djh tla tla WIaK;aj mrdihka ;=, flfia fjkia fjhs o@

 fi  wxYl 0 --10     

fi  wxYl 30 –- 40  s       

fi  wxYl 80 –- 100     

12 m%;sls%hdj l W;afm%arKh k;r jsug  fya;= ,shkak

13 m%;sls%hdj l W;afm%arKh k;r jsug  fya;= jk idOl ,shkak

14 tkaihsuhl ls%hdldrS ia:dkh hkq l=ula o@

15 tkaihsu Wmia;r ixls¾K h iEoSug ljr iqoqiqlula iusmQ¾K jsh hq;= o@

16 fus ksid tkaihsuhlg ljr .=Kdx.hla w;afjhs o@