Bryophyta Pogonatum

  

wkajSlaI rEm

Pogonatum ckaudKq Ydlh $ nScdKq Ydlh $ mdis mqIamh

1 ljr mrsirj, fuu Ydl mj;shs o@

2 ckaudKq Ydlhl l=uk fkdgia y|qkd.; yelsfjhs o@

3 ckaudKq Ydl wdldr fldmuK ;sfns o@

4 tajd fjkalr y|qkd.; yelsfjhs o@ ta flfia o@

5 fmrsf.dakshu ;=, wka;¾.; jkafka fudkjdo@

6 Y=l%dKqOdks ;=, ksmojk Y=l%dKqj, yevh ,shkak

7 Y=l%dKq ksoyia jkafka ljr wjia:djloSo@

8 mrsk; cdhd ckaudKq Ydlh w.%fha l=ula mj;shs o@

9 ixfiapkh isoqjk ia:dkh ,shkak hqla;dKqfjs m

10 ixfiapkh miqj iEfok hqla;dKqj fmdAIKh yd wdrlaIdj ,nkafka ljrlska o@

wdrlaIdj ------

fmdAIKh ------

11 hqla;dKqfjs jsNdckh u.ska idokafka l=ula o@

12 tys wvx.= fldgia ,shkak

13 nSscdKq idok ia:dkh ,shkak

 
14 nScdKq ksmojk ffi, fudkjd o@tys os isoqjk jsNdckh l=ula o@

15 nScdKq jHma;sh flfia isoqfjhs o@

16 tajd m%frdayKfhka idok iQ;s%ldldr jHqyh l=ula o@

17 ckaudKq Ydl yg.kafka flfia o@

secondary thickening

lf|a oajs;shl j¾Okh

1 fuys olajd we;af;a l=ul  yrialvl wkajslaISh fmkqu o@

2 msg;ska wdrlaIdj msKsi mj;sk  jHqyh ,shkak

3 ta u.ska l=uk wdrlaIdjla i,iajhs o@ ta i|yd mj;sk yev.eisus ,shkak

4 ndyslfha wka;¾.; mglh $ mglhka ,shkak

5 yrialvla u.ska tajd y|qkd .kafka flfia o@

6 uDoqia;r mglh wvx.= fjk;a ia:dkhla i|yka lrkak

7 tys lD;Hh ,shkak

8 ndyslh  u.ska thg wu;rj isoqlrk ld¾hhka i|yka lrkak ta i|yd mj;sk yev.eiSu  ,shkak

9 rEm igyfka wxl 1 u.ska fmkajd we;af;a l=ula o@

10 th ix,.ak ikd, l,dmhla f,i kus lrkafka wehs@

11 ix.; l,dmhl mj;sk ,laIK fuys ;sfns o@ th l=ula o@

12 ix.; l,dmhl olakg fkdue;s ia:dkhla ,shkak

13 th we;afldka ikd, l,dmhla f,i kus lrkafka wehs@

14 th ix,.ak ikd, l,dmhla f,i kus lrkafka wehs@

15 wkd.;fha oS jsNdcl yelshdj ,efnshehs wfmalaId lrkafka ljr ffi, j, o@

16 tys ls%hdldrs;ajh ksid we;sjk fjkialus ,shkak

17 fus ksid we;sjk jsh

18 th ks¾udKh lrkq ,nkafka l=ulskao@ th yg.kafka l=ulskao@

19 wmsp¾ufha mqgsld mj;sk ia:dkj, we;sjk jsfYaI;ajh ,shkak tys jeo.;alu ,shkak

20 tu jsNdclfhka idok fjk;a mglhla ,shkak tys msysgsu l=ula o@

Enzyme

1  tkaihsu ks¾udKh jS we;af;a ljr ldnksl ixfhda. j,ska o@

2 m%%;sls%hdjl ils%hk Yla;sh  hkq l=ula o@

 tkaihsu W;afm%arkfha oS m%;sj¾;H m%;sls%hdjla i|yd we;slrk n,mEu  oS we;s ,laIK j,ska f;darkak

   wiudk fyda iudk lsrsu 

   osYdj ;SrKh lsrsu $ fkdlsrsu

  ils%hk Yla;sh wvq lsrsu  $jevslsrsu

   n,mEula we; $ ke;

3 ridhksl m%;sls%hd fjs fndfyda jsg ils%hk Yla;sh -------- 

4 ridhksl m%;sls%hd fjs bosrs yd miq m%;sls%hdfjs is>%;dj  ---------- 

5 ridhksl m%%;sls%hdjl osYdj      ---------

6 ridhksl m%%;sls%hdjl iu;=,s; ,laIhg  ----- 

7 m%;sls%hdjla  wjidkfha tkaihsuhg l=ula isoq fjhs o@

8 wdus,sl udOHfhaoS by< ils%h;djla fmkajk tkaihsuhl ku ,shkak

9 NdIausl udOHfhaoS by< ils%h;djla fmkajk tkaihsuhl ku ,shkak

10 m%Yia; PH w.hla fkdmej;=k fyd;a isoqjsh yelafla l=ula o@

 

11 ridhksl m%;sls%hdjl  m%;sls%hds is>%;djh tla tla WIaK;aj mrdihka ;=, flfia fjkia fjhs o@

 fi  wxYl 0 --10     

fi  wxYl 30 –- 40  s       

fi  wxYl 80 –- 100     

12 m%;sls%hdj l W;afm%arKh k;r jsug  fya;= ,shkak

13 m%;sls%hdj l W;afm%arKh k;r jsug  fya;= jk idOl ,shkak

14 tkaihsuhl ls%hdldrS ia:dkh hkq l=ula o@

15 tkaihsu Wmia;r ixls¾K h iEoSug ljr iqoqiqlula iusmQ¾K jsh hq;= o@

16 fus ksid tkaihsuhlg ljr .=Kdx.hla w;afjhs o@

Introduction

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fuu jsIhh yeoErsfus oS isiqka uqyqK fok .eg¿jla jkafka jsIhh fldgia wu;l jsuhs'

fuh bosrsm;a lsrsu ;=,ska ud W;aidy f.k we;af;a jsIhh mdvus lsrsfuka wk;=rej ;u oekqu ;yjqre lr .eksug fukau iajhx we.hsula isoq lr .ekSug wjia:djla i,id oSuh'

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wkajslaISh PdhdrEm y|qkd .eksug fuysos Tng wjia:dj ,efnkq we;

-->

bosrs ld,h ;=, bosrsm;a lr we;s tall fldgia fuys fjk;a j¾Khlska bosrsm;a lr we;'

cQ,s udih ;+,oS tall i|yd    ms,s;+re  tall wkq ms,sfj,ska n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkak'

12 fY%aKsh

          m,uq jdrh    tall  1'1'1  - 3 '1'5           

          fojk jdrh tall   3'1'6  - 7 '1'3

          ;=kajk jdrh tall  7'1'4  - 7 '1'6

13 fY%aKsh

           m,uq jdrh  tall     10'1'1  - 11 '1'4

           fojk jdrh tall   11'1'5  - 13 '1'2

           ;=kajk jdrh tall  13'1'3  - 14 '1'6

tall  1'00  

              cSjS f,dalfha ixjsOdk rgd$ cSjS ,laIK  $ jsoH;aul l%uh

tall  2'00  

cSjfha ridhksl moku$c,fha .=K  $ cSjSkaf.a ridhksl ixhq;sh ^fm%dagSk $ ,smsv  $    ldfndayhsvsf¾g  $kshqla,sla wus,&$wkajSlaIh$ffi,h $ Ydl mgl yd i;aj mgl $tkaihsu$ jsNdckh$m%Ndixiaf,aYKh $ Yajikh

tall  3'00 

                csjSkaf.a jsjsO;ajh  j¾.SlrKh yd kdulrKh  $wOsrdcOdks $ fm%dgsiagd rdcOdks $ma,dkafgs rdcOdksh $ os,Sr rdcOdks $ weksud,shd rdcOdksh

tall  4'00 

cSjskaf.a   fmdaIKh ` --fmdaIK jsOs $Ydl fmdaIk W!k;d $usksia wdydr ud¾. moaO;sh$ wdydr j, wvx.= ixrpl

tall  5'00

           i;=kaf.a jdhq yqjudre ls%hdj,sh

tall  6'00 

cSjSka ;=, isoqjk o%jH mrsjykh   --Ydl ;=, c,h yd LKsc mrsjykh  $Ydl j, jdhq yqjudrej$W;aiafjsokh $ wdydr mrsixl%uKh $usksidf.a ixirK moaO;sh

tall  7'00

iudfhdackh yd iuia:s;sh usksidf.a iakdhq moaO;sh $

fudixfjsos jHqy$ awka;rdi¾. moaO;sh $ifus jHqyh yd lD;Hh

tall  8'00

nysi%j moaO;sh

tall  9'00

cSjSkaf.a ikaOdrKh  ---wdlaIl iels,a,  $.d;%d iels,a, $fmaYs $ i;aj ixprK jHqy $ Ydlj, ikaOdrKh yd p,k

tall  10'00

m%ckk l%shdj,sh  -----ia;%S -mqreI m%ckl moaO;sh $Ydl m%ckkh$j¾Okh yd jslikh

tall  11'00

m%fjsKs isoaOdka; $jslD;s$.yK m%fjsKsh$ffcj mrskduh$cdk ;dlaIK l%ufjso

tall  12'00

cSjSka yd mrsirh  $mrsir moaO;s $nsfhdau$f.da,Sh mdrsirsl .eg¿$ mrsir ixrlaIKh

tall  13'00

laIqo% cSjSkaf.a jsjsO;ajh$wdidol frda.$l¾udka; yd lDIs l¾uh $mdkSh c,h –wm c,h l

tall  14'00

jHjydrsl csj jsoHdj  ---c, csjs moaO;s mj;ajd f.k hdu$ fmd,a yd jS

m  $ Ydl frda. $ kjH ;dlaIK

 

Echinodermata

බාහුවක උදරීය  පෙනුම                                                              ඉකිරියා  


                                                                                    මුහුදු ලිලී


tlsfkdv¾udgd  jxYh

mieÕs,a,d  -Nx.=r ;drldjd  -uqyqoq lelsrs  -uqyqoq blsrs  - uqyqoq ,s,S

 1  fuu cSjSka fjfik mrsirh l=ula o@

 2 fuu ,laIK j,g .e,fmk i;=ka f;darkak

                 uOH u~f,ka fjkajS we;s ndyq 5la mej;Su  ------- 

                 l=vd f.da,dldr  meyeos,sj fjkajQ ndyq 5la mej;Su   -----  

                 ndyq fkdue;s f.da,dldr foayh  --- 

                 os.gs  is,skavrdldr foayh    ------ -

                 uKshla jeks l=vd foayfhka jsysfok ndyq 5 ls   ----- 

3 tlsfkdv¾udgd  jxYfha i;ajhl+ y|qkd.; yelafla ljr ndysr ,laIK u.ska o@

4 uqyqoq lelsrs f.a yevhka i|yd WodyrKhla ne.ska ,shkak'

          is,skavrdldr     ---- 

          mqIam yev        ----

          ;drldldr yev ----    

5 fndfyda oqrg T;a cSjsldjla .; lrkafka ljq o@

                

6 fu!L --– wms fu!L  wlaIh yryd msysgkafka l=ula o@

                              

7 fuu ,laIK j,g .e,fmk i;=ka f;darkak

               ,laIKh                          WodyrK    

        fu!L  - .=oh   wms fu!L  - uqLh         

        uOH uqLh  .=oh ke;s                 -----

        uOH $ md¾Yajsl  uqLh  .=oh we;s   -----

        fu!L  - .=oh  yd uqLh               -----

        wmr  - .=oh   mQ¾j  - uqLh                              

 

8 ndyq l+ula i|yd fhdod .kafka o@

9 c,fhka msreKq isf,dausl kd, fY%qaKsh ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

     

10 th iEoS we;af;a flfia o@ thg c,h we;=¿jk  ia:dkh   y|qkajk ku ,shkak

                           

11 c, jdyskS  moaO;sh wdY%s; j isoqjk ld¾hhka ,shkak

12 p¾uSh c,laf,dau j, odhl;ajh l=ula o@ tys msysgSu ,shkak

13  iels,a, ljr j¾.hg wh;a fjhs o@ th iEoS we;af;a flfia o@

14 foay mDIaGfha  mj;sk fkrsus  foj¾.h kus lrkak tajd oel .; yels i;=ka ljqreka o@

15 foay mDIaGfha  mj;sk fkrsus  foj¾.h kus lrkak tajd oel .; yels i;=ka ljqreka o@

    

16 wNHka;r iels,a,  iusnkaO  jHqy fudkjd o@       

17 c, jdyskS  moaO;sh wdY%s; j isoqjk ld¾hhka ,shkak

18 pr kdr we,s f,i y|qkajkafka fudkjd o@

19 th fomi wvx.= fkrsus ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

20 kd,mdo  j, isoqjk ld¾hhka ,shkak

21 fuu  kd,mdo ,laIK j,g .e,fmk i;=ka f;darkak

          pQIlr rys; kd, mdo fma,s 2 la   --

          pQIlr iys; isyska kd, mdo  ----

          uqLh jgd msysgk .%dysld wdldr kd,mdo ---   

22 jdhq yqjudrejg odhl jk fjk;a jHqy ,shkak

23 fuu  jxYfha i;+kaf.a foay ns;a;sfha wvx.+ m%ia;r fudkjd o@ 

24 fudjqka i;=  oshqKq ,laIK i|yka lrkak

25 Yajik .ia olakg ,efnkafka ljr cSjSka ;+, o@ 

26 iakdhq ffi, jsisrS we;af;a flfia o@

27 ixfjsoS jHqy f,i mj;shs o@

28 mqk¾j¾Okh  isoq lrkafka ljqreka o@

29 ndyq YdLkh js we;af;a ldf.a o

30 uqLh yd .=oh tlu me;af;a msysgkafka ljrl=f.a o@

31 .=oh fkd msysgkafka ljrl=f.a o@

32 fuu  i;=kaf.a ,sx.sl;djh l=ula o@ 

33 ckaudKq ixfiapkh isoqjk ia:dkh i|yka lrkak  

34 idok mlaaIu iys; lSghdf.a ku ,shkak

kingdom plantae

1 fuu ma,dkafgs rdcOdksh g wh;a jkafka ljr ,laIK iys; csjSka o@

 

2 thg wh;a Ydl fldgsGdY fudkjd o@

3 fuys oS we;s jpk cSjk pl%hla ilikak

nScdKq Ydlh - ckaudKq Ydlh -nscdKq - wKavh -wKavdKqOdksh

weka;srsvshu - Y=l%dkqj - hqla;dKqj - l,,h

4 by; i|yka tla tla jHqyh tal .+K o@ oajs.+K o@ hkak olajkak'

5 my; i|yka tla tla ld¾hhka i|yd fN!usl Ydl fmkajk yev.eisus i|yka lrkak

6 fm%dgsiagd rdcOdksfha we,a.S Ydl j, ckaudKq ixfiapkh ljr ia:dkhl isoqfjhs o@

7 tysoS iEfok hqla;dKqj ;=, we;sjk m,uq jsNdckh ljrla o@

    ta i|yd WodyrK fokak'

8 hqla;dKqfjs isoqjk wkqkkfhka iEfokafka l=ula o@

9 nScdKq Ydl foj¾.hla mj;skafka ljr Ydl j, o@

10 mrfmdaIS nScdKq Ydlhla mj;skafka ljrlg o@

11 hqla;dKqfjs isoqjk Wkkfhka iEfokafka l=ula o@ ta i|yd WodyrK fokak

12 nScdKq m%frdayKfhka iEfokafka l=ula o@

13 ckaudKq Ydlh tal .DyS jk wjia:djlg WodyrK fokak

14 iajdOSk ckaudKq Ydl we;af;a ljrlg o@

 

15 nScdKq Ydlh ;+, Wkkh isoq jkafka ljr wjia:djl oS o@

16 cSjk pl%hla ;=, Wkkh isoqjSu jeo.;a jkafka wehs@

17 fm%dgsiagd rdcOdksfha we,a.S Ydl j, j| ffi, j,ska wdjrKh jQ ckaudKqOdks mj;shs o@

18 j| ffi, j,ska wdjrKh jQ ckaudKqOdks mej;Su jeo.;a jkafka wehs@

19 fyd|ska jslikh jQ ckaudKq Ydlhla we;af;a ljr fldgsGdYh ;=, o@

20 wfkla ckaudKq Ydl j,g idfmalaIj fuys olakg ,efnk iqjsfYaIS ,laIK ,shkak

21 iajhxfmdaIS fmdAIKh fmkajk ;,idldr ckaudKq Ydl i|yd WodyrK fokak

22 mrdOSk cdhd ckaudKq Ydlh we;s jSug fya;= jQfha ljr ixisoaOshla o@

23 tjeks ckaudKq Ydl fmdaIKh ,nkafka l=ulska o@

24 ta u.ska ie,fik fjk;a ld¾hhla ,shkak

  

 

  

 

 

protista

1 fm%dgsiagd rdcOdkshg wh;a fuu i;=ka wh;a jk  jxY i|yka lrkak'

  weusnd

  meruSishus

  vhgu

  id.eius

  c,svshus

  la,eusfvdfudkdia


 

2 tal ffi,slhska olakg ,efnk i;aj jxY fudkjd o2

3 mshqfldieka;Ska olakg ,efnk i;aj jxY jkafka ljrla o@

4 Wiia Ydl yrs; ,j j,g iudk j¾Kl orkafka ljr jxYh o@

5 ckaudKq j, fukau j¾Ol ffi, ;+, lYsld mj;skafka ljr jxYh lo@

6 ixprKhg mlaIu orkafka ljr jxYh o@

7 ixprKhg jHc mdo orkafka ljr jxYh o@

8 ckaudKq j, lYsld fkdue;af;a ljr jxYhl o@

9 ta.d¾ ksIamdokhg fhdod .kakd Ydl wh;a jkafka ljr jxYhg o@

10 ffi, ns;a;sfha we,acsksla wus,h mj;skafka ljr jxYfha o@

11 fuys i|yka ixps; wdydr ljr jxY ;+, mj;shs o@

12 ffi, ns;a;sfha is,sld mj;skafka l+ul o@