Introduction

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fuu jsIhh yeoErsfus oS isiqka uqyqK fok .eg¿jla jkafka jsIhh fldgia wu;l jsuhs'

fuh bosrsm;a lsrsu ;=,ska ud W;aidy f.k we;af;a jsIhh mdvus lsrsfuka wk;=rej ;u oekqu ;yjqre lr .eksug fukau iajhx we.hsula isoq lr .ekSug wjia:djla i,id oSuh'

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wkajslaISh PdhdrEm y|qkd .eksug fuysos Tng wjia:dj ,efnkq we;

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bosrs ld,h ;=, bosrsm;a lr we;s tall fldgia fuys fjk;a j¾Khlska bosrsm;a lr we;'

cQ,s udih ;+,oS tall i|yd    ms,s;+re  tall wkq ms,sfj,ska n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkak'

12 fY%aKsh

          m,uq jdrh    tall  1'1'1  - 3 '1'5           

          fojk jdrh tall   3'1'6  - 7 '1'3

          ;=kajk jdrh tall  7'1'4  - 7 '1'6

13 fY%aKsh

           m,uq jdrh  tall     10'1'1  - 11 '1'4

           fojk jdrh tall   11'1'5  - 13 '1'2

           ;=kajk jdrh tall  13'1'3  - 14 '1'6

tall  1'00  

              cSjS f,dalfha ixjsOdk rgd$ cSjS ,laIK  $ jsoH;aul l%uh

tall  2'00  

cSjfha ridhksl moku$c,fha .=K  $ cSjSkaf.a ridhksl ixhq;sh ^fm%dagSk $ ,smsv  $    ldfndayhsvsf¾g  $kshqla,sla wus,&$wkajSlaIh$ffi,h $ Ydl mgl yd i;aj mgl $tkaihsu$ jsNdckh$m%Ndixiaf,aYKh $ Yajikh

tall  3'00 

                csjSkaf.a jsjsO;ajh  j¾.SlrKh yd kdulrKh  $wOsrdcOdks $ fm%dgsiagd rdcOdks $ma,dkafgs rdcOdksh $ os,Sr rdcOdks $ weksud,shd rdcOdksh

tall  4'00 

cSjskaf.a   fmdaIKh ` --fmdaIK jsOs $Ydl fmdaIk W!k;d $usksia wdydr ud¾. moaO;sh$ wdydr j, wvx.= ixrpl

tall  5'00

           i;=kaf.a jdhq yqjudre ls%hdj,sh

tall  6'00 

cSjSka ;=, isoqjk o%jH mrsjykh   --Ydl ;=, c,h yd LKsc mrsjykh  $Ydl j, jdhq yqjudrej$W;aiafjsokh $ wdydr mrsixl%uKh $usksidf.a ixirK moaO;sh

tall  7'00

iudfhdackh yd iuia:s;sh usksidf.a iakdhq moaO;sh $

fudixfjsos jHqy$ awka;rdi¾. moaO;sh $ifus jHqyh yd lD;Hh

tall  8'00

nysi%j moaO;sh

tall  9'00

cSjSkaf.a ikaOdrKh  ---wdlaIl iels,a,  $.d;%d iels,a, $fmaYs $ i;aj ixprK jHqy $ Ydlj, ikaOdrKh yd p,k

tall  10'00

m%ckk l%shdj,sh  -----ia;%S -mqreI m%ckl moaO;sh $Ydl m%ckkh$j¾Okh yd jslikh

tall  11'00

m%fjsKs isoaOdka; $jslD;s$.yK m%fjsKsh$ffcj mrskduh$cdk ;dlaIK l%ufjso

tall  12'00

cSjSka yd mrsirh  $mrsir moaO;s $nsfhdau$f.da,Sh mdrsirsl .eg¿$ mrsir ixrlaIKh

tall  13'00

laIqo% cSjSkaf.a jsjsO;ajh$wdidol frda.$l¾udka; yd lDIs l¾uh $mdkSh c,h –wm c,h l

tall  14'00

jHjydrsl csj jsoHdj  ---c, csjs moaO;s mj;ajd f.k hdu$ fmd,a yd jS

m  $ Ydl frda. $ kjH ;dlaIK

 

Echinodermata

බාහුවක උදරීය  පෙනුම                                                              ඉකිරියා  


                                                                                    මුහුදු ලිලී


tlsfkdv¾udgd  jxYh

mieÕs,a,d  -Nx.=r ;drldjd  -uqyqoq lelsrs  -uqyqoq blsrs  - uqyqoq ,s,S

 1  fuu cSjSka fjfik mrsirh l=ula o@

 2 fuu ,laIK j,g .e,fmk i;=ka f;darkak

                 uOH u~f,ka fjkajS we;s ndyq 5la mej;Su  ------- 

                 l=vd f.da,dldr  meyeos,sj fjkajQ ndyq 5la mej;Su   -----  

                 ndyq fkdue;s f.da,dldr foayh  --- 

                 os.gs  is,skavrdldr foayh    ------ -

                 uKshla jeks l=vd foayfhka jsysfok ndyq 5 ls   ----- 

3 tlsfkdv¾udgd  jxYfha i;ajhl+ y|qkd.; yelafla ljr ndysr ,laIK u.ska o@

4 uqyqoq lelsrs f.a yevhka i|yd WodyrKhla ne.ska ,shkak'

          is,skavrdldr     ---- 

          mqIam yev        ----

          ;drldldr yev ----    

5 fndfyda oqrg T;a cSjsldjla .; lrkafka ljq o@

                

6 fu!L --– wms fu!L  wlaIh yryd msysgkafka l=ula o@

                              

7 fuu ,laIK j,g .e,fmk i;=ka f;darkak

               ,laIKh                          WodyrK    

        fu!L  - .=oh   wms fu!L  - uqLh         

        uOH uqLh  .=oh ke;s                 -----

        uOH $ md¾Yajsl  uqLh  .=oh we;s   -----

        fu!L  - .=oh  yd uqLh               -----

        wmr  - .=oh   mQ¾j  - uqLh                              

 

8 ndyq l+ula i|yd fhdod .kafka o@

9 c,fhka msreKq isf,dausl kd, fY%qaKsh ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

     

10 th iEoS we;af;a flfia o@ thg c,h we;=¿jk  ia:dkh   y|qkajk ku ,shkak

                           

11 c, jdyskS  moaO;sh wdY%s; j isoqjk ld¾hhka ,shkak

12 p¾uSh c,laf,dau j, odhl;ajh l=ula o@ tys msysgSu ,shkak

13  iels,a, ljr j¾.hg wh;a fjhs o@ th iEoS we;af;a flfia o@

14 foay mDIaGfha  mj;sk fkrsus  foj¾.h kus lrkak tajd oel .; yels i;=ka ljqreka o@

15 foay mDIaGfha  mj;sk fkrsus  foj¾.h kus lrkak tajd oel .; yels i;=ka ljqreka o@

    

16 wNHka;r iels,a,  iusnkaO  jHqy fudkjd o@       

17 c, jdyskS  moaO;sh wdY%s; j isoqjk ld¾hhka ,shkak

18 pr kdr we,s f,i y|qkajkafka fudkjd o@

19 th fomi wvx.= fkrsus ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

20 kd,mdo  j, isoqjk ld¾hhka ,shkak

21 fuu  kd,mdo ,laIK j,g .e,fmk i;=ka f;darkak

          pQIlr rys; kd, mdo fma,s 2 la   --

          pQIlr iys; isyska kd, mdo  ----

          uqLh jgd msysgk .%dysld wdldr kd,mdo ---   

22 jdhq yqjudrejg odhl jk fjk;a jHqy ,shkak

23 fuu  jxYfha i;+kaf.a foay ns;a;sfha wvx.+ m%ia;r fudkjd o@ 

24 fudjqka i;=  oshqKq ,laIK i|yka lrkak

25 Yajik .ia olakg ,efnkafka ljr cSjSka ;+, o@ 

26 iakdhq ffi, jsisrS we;af;a flfia o@

27 ixfjsoS jHqy f,i mj;shs o@

28 mqk¾j¾Okh  isoq lrkafka ljqreka o@

29 ndyq YdLkh js we;af;a ldf.a o

30 uqLh yd .=oh tlu me;af;a msysgkafka ljrl=f.a o@

31 .=oh fkd msysgkafka ljrl=f.a o@

32 fuu  i;=kaf.a ,sx.sl;djh l=ula o@ 

33 ckaudKq ixfiapkh isoqjk ia:dkh i|yka lrkak  

34 idok mlaaIu iys; lSghdf.a ku ,shkak

kingdom plantae

1 fuu ma,dkafgs rdcOdksh g wh;a jkafka ljr ,laIK iys; csjSka o@

 

2 thg wh;a Ydl fldgsGdY fudkjd o@

3 fuys oS we;s jpk cSjk pl%hla ilikak

nScdKq Ydlh - ckaudKq Ydlh -nscdKq - wKavh -wKavdKqOdksh

weka;srsvshu - Y=l%dkqj - hqla;dKqj - l,,h

4 by; i|yka tla tla jHqyh tal .+K o@ oajs.+K o@ hkak olajkak'

5 my; i|yka tla tla ld¾hhka i|yd fN!usl Ydl fmkajk yev.eisus i|yka lrkak

6 fm%dgsiagd rdcOdksfha we,a.S Ydl j, ckaudKq ixfiapkh ljr ia:dkhl isoqfjhs o@

7 tysoS iEfok hqla;dKqj ;=, we;sjk m,uq jsNdckh ljrla o@

    ta i|yd WodyrK fokak'

8 hqla;dKqfjs isoqjk wkqkkfhka iEfokafka l=ula o@

9 nScdKq Ydl foj¾.hla mj;skafka ljr Ydl j, o@

10 mrfmdaIS nScdKq Ydlhla mj;skafka ljrlg o@

11 hqla;dKqfjs isoqjk Wkkfhka iEfokafka l=ula o@ ta i|yd WodyrK fokak

12 nScdKq m%frdayKfhka iEfokafka l=ula o@

13 ckaudKq Ydlh tal .DyS jk wjia:djlg WodyrK fokak

14 iajdOSk ckaudKq Ydl we;af;a ljrlg o@

 

15 nScdKq Ydlh ;+, Wkkh isoq jkafka ljr wjia:djl oS o@

16 cSjk pl%hla ;=, Wkkh isoqjSu jeo.;a jkafka wehs@

17 fm%dgsiagd rdcOdksfha we,a.S Ydl j, j| ffi, j,ska wdjrKh jQ ckaudKqOdks mj;shs o@

18 j| ffi, j,ska wdjrKh jQ ckaudKqOdks mej;Su jeo.;a jkafka wehs@

19 fyd|ska jslikh jQ ckaudKq Ydlhla we;af;a ljr fldgsGdYh ;=, o@

20 wfkla ckaudKq Ydl j,g idfmalaIj fuys olakg ,efnk iqjsfYaIS ,laIK ,shkak

21 iajhxfmdaIS fmdAIKh fmkajk ;,idldr ckaudKq Ydl i|yd WodyrK fokak

22 mrdOSk cdhd ckaudKq Ydlh we;s jSug fya;= jQfha ljr ixisoaOshla o@

23 tjeks ckaudKq Ydl fmdaIKh ,nkafka l=ulska o@

24 ta u.ska ie,fik fjk;a ld¾hhla ,shkak

  

 

  

 

 

protista

1 fm%dgsiagd rdcOdkshg wh;a fuu i;=ka wh;a jk  jxY i|yka lrkak'

  weusnd

  meruSishus

  vhgu

  id.eius

  c,svshus

  la,eusfvdfudkdia


 

2 tal ffi,slhska olakg ,efnk i;aj jxY fudkjd o2

3 mshqfldieka;Ska olakg ,efnk i;aj jxY jkafka ljrla o@

4 Wiia Ydl yrs; ,j j,g iudk j¾Kl orkafka ljr jxYh o@

5 ckaudKq j, fukau j¾Ol ffi, ;+, lYsld mj;skafka ljr jxYh lo@

6 ixprKhg mlaIu orkafka ljr jxYh o@

7 ixprKhg jHc mdo orkafka ljr jxYh o@

8 ckaudKq j, lYsld fkdue;af;a ljr jxYhl o@

9 ta.d¾ ksIamdokhg fhdod .kakd Ydl wh;a jkafka ljr jxYhg o@

10 ffi, ns;a;sfha we,acsksla wus,h mj;skafka ljr jxYfha o@

11 fuys i|yka ixps; wdydr ljr jxY ;+, mj;shs o@

12 ffi, ns;a;sfha is,sld mj;skafka l+ul o@

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Domain

 

wOsrdcOdks kus lrkak

m%%dla kHIagslhska we;=,;a lr we;af;a ljr wOsrdcOdks ;=, o@

ffi, ns;a;s ;=, fmmaghsfvd .a,hsleka wvx.= jkafka ljrl o@

fm%dagSk iys; ffi, ns;a;s wvx.= jkafka ljrl o@

Ydlkh jQ yhsfv%d ldnk iys; ,ssmsv wKq mj;skafka ljr wOsrdcOdks ;=, o@

m%;sscSjl j,g ixfjsoS;djla olajkafka l=ula o@

RNA fmd,suf¾ia tla j¾.hla muKla we;af;a ljrlo@

fu;fhdkSka j,ska wdrusNjk fm%dagSk olakg ,efnkafka ljrl o@

wdka;sl mrsir ;;aj j, cSj;a jkafka l=ula o@

nelagSrshd ljr fmdaIK l%u fmkajhs o@

ihfkd nelagSrshdj, wvx.= j¾Kl ,shkak

khsg%ckaa ;sr lrkafka ljqreka o@ ta i|yd mj;sk jHqyh ,shkak

bhq lershd j,g wh;a rdcOdks ,shkak

fm%dgsiagd rdcOdkshg wh;a ,laIK fudkjd o@

jsIufmdaIS f,i yeisfrkafka ljr rdcOdks o@

ffi, ns;a;sj, fi,shqf,daia orkafka ljr rdcOdksh o@

ixps; wdydr f,i .a,hsfldcka wka;¾.; jk rdcOdks ,shkak

fi,shqf,daia ffi, ns;a;s wka;¾.; jkafka l+uk rdcOdksh ;+, o@

weksud,shd f.a p,k i|yd Ndjs; jk jHqy fudkjd o@

ckaudKqj,g muKla iSud jQ lYsld mj;skafka l+uk rdcOdksh j, o@

Classification 2

A Panthera pardus kotiya

B Cocos nucifera L.

1  fuu kduhka f.a jsfYaI;ajh l=ula o@ A yd B kdu w;r fjki ,shkak

2  j¾.SlrK l%u 2 ,shkak

3  lD;su j¾.SlrKh isoq lrkafka flfia o@

4  iajdNdjsl j¾.SlrKhl moku l=ula o@ tA i|yd f;dard .kafka ljr  ,laIK o@

5 fyal,a jsiska j¾.SlrKfha we;s l< fjki l=ula o@

6 bf,lafg%dak wkajSlaIh fidhd .ekSu;a iu. bosrsm;a l, j¾.SlrKh l=ula o@

7 th bosrsm;a lf,a ljqq o@

8 wOs rdcOdks y|qkajd oqka mqoa.,hd ljq o@

9 tys we;s l< fjki l=ula o@

10 ljr wKql cSj jsoHd;aul ,laIK fus i|yd fhdod f.k ;sfns o@

Excretory System

tallh  8

nysi%dj moaO;sh

1   nysi%dj moaO;sfha m%Odk fldgia fudkjdo@

2 jDlalj, msysgSu l=ula o@

3 jvd;a my

4   jDlalhg reOsrh imhk reOsr jdysksh l=ula o@ th we;=¿ jkafka ljr ia:dkhlskao@

5  jDlalfha msg; udhsu idok mglh ,shkak

6 jDlalfha  m%Odk fldgia fol ,shkak

7fla;= wdldr m%foaY fldgi l=ula o@ th y|qkajkak

8 tla tla fldgfia wka;¾.; jHqy ,shkak

9 jDlal ucacdfjs y|qkd.; yels m%foaY ,shkak

10    ix.%dyl m%Kd, mj;skafka l=uk fldgfia o@ tajd y|qkajk ku l=ula o@

11 jDlal msrusv jsjd; jkafka l=ulg o@ tys yevh ,shkak

12 fus u.ska tl;= lr .kakd uq;%%d fY%daKshg ksoyia jkafka ljrla yryd o@

13 jDlalhg wh;a tla tla fldgfia msysgSu ,shkak

 W;a;, mDIaGh    -----

 ,mh                -----

 wOsjDlalh         -----

 14  jDlalfha lD;Huh tallh ,shkak

    tys wdldr 2la mj;S ta fudkjdo@

15 tajd w;r mj;sk fjki ,shkak

fndauka m%djr j, msysgSu    

fykaf,a mqvqj os.

    

16   tys fldgia kus lrkak

17   fndauka m%djrh iuSmfha we;s flaYkd,sld l=uk kulska y|qkajhs o@

18  thg reOsrh iemfhkafka l=ulska o@

19 tys mSvkh jevs lsrSug mj;sk yev.eiSu l+ula o@

20 ucaacdfjs we;s wfkla flaY kd,sld j¾.h l+ula o@

21 uq;% iEoSfus m%Odk l%shdj,s 3 l+ula o@ tajd isoqjk ia:dkh ,shkak'

22 w;smrsi%djKfhaoS fmrSug ,la fkdjk o%jH fudkjdo@

23 fmfrk o%jH fudkjd o@

24 tla tla o%jH m%;sfYdaIKh jk ia:dk ,shkak ta i|yd mej;sh hq;+ ;;aj ,shkak

    

      c,h        

      

        Na⁺ whk        

      Cl^-                          

       nhsldnfkag whk       

         K⁺ /NH₄⁺$ H⁺   i%djh        

25 i%djh hkq l=ula o@

26 tfia we;+,q jk o%jH fudkjdo@

27  reOsrfha wdi%e;s jsOdkh ksh;j ;nd .kafka flfia o@

28  th flfia isoq lrhs o@

29 reOsrfha wdi%e;s mSvk fjki y|qkd .kakd wjhjh l+ula o@

30 reOsrfha wdi%e;s mSvkh jevsjSug fya;+ fudkjdo@

31 c,h bj;ajk l%u fudkjd o@

32 fydafudak md,kh hgf;a c,h m%;sfYdaIKh isoq jkafka jDlaldKqfjs ljr fldgfia oSo@

33 ta i|yd wjYH jk fydafudakh yd th i%djh jk ia:dkh ,shkak

34 jDlalfha wdi%e;s mSvkh hdukh g odhl jk fmdaIS fydafudakh ,shkak

 35 reOsrfha wdi%e;s mSvkh wvq lsrsug jDlalfha ljr ia:dkhl l%shdldrs;ajh odhl fjhs o@

36 ADH fydafudakhg jDlalh m%;spdr fkdoelajSu y|qkajkafka ljr kulska o@

37 Na⁺  whk idkao%Kh wvqjSu u; reOsrfha ljr .+Kdx. fjkia fjhs o@

38 reOsrfha  Na⁺  whk idkao%Kh wvqjQ jsg  c, m%;sfYdaIkh wvqjkafka wehs@

39 tjeks wjia:djl ljr moaO;shla W;af;ac fjhs o@

40 tys m%;sM,h jkafka l+ula o@

41 wlaud ffi, j, fus i|yd mj;sk odhl;ajh ,shkak

42 tu l%shdj,sh l+ula u.ska W;af;ac fjhs o@

43 we,afvdiafgfrdka i%djh jkafka l+ulska o@

44 thska we;slrk n,mEu ,shkak  tu m%;sM,h ljr fydafudakj, idkao%Kh wvq lrhs o@

45 we,afvdiafgfrdka  i%djh wvqjSu ksid  Na⁺  whk j,g yd K⁺  whk  idkao%Khg ljr n,mEula isoqfjhs o@